tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-83660647091641843672024-03-14T00:17:33.782-07:00Takdang AralinUnknownnoreply@blogger.comBlogger20125tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8366064709164184367.post-14505321680129169452013-06-09T20:19:00.002-07:002013-06-09T20:19:29.101-07:00Ang Life Cycle ng Ladybug<!--[if gte mso 9]><xml>
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<a href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-fXFAvXKNq-M/UbVFrbF8I4I/AAAAAAAAATc/SSyyD2k6mO0/s1600/lifecycle2.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-fXFAvXKNq-M/UbVFrbF8I4I/AAAAAAAAATc/SSyyD2k6mO0/s1600/lifecycle2.jpg" /></a></div>
Ang life cycle ng isang ladybug ay hindi mayadong magkalayo sa<strong> </strong><strong><span style="font-weight: normal; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">life cycle ng isang paruparo.</span></strong>
Ang isang ladybug ay dumadaaan din sa apat na yugto kagaya sa buhay ng isang
paruparo; egg stage, larvae stage, pupa stage, at ang adult ladybug stage. Alam
natin ang anyo ng isang adult ladybug ngunit di nating makikilala hanggang
umabot ito sa huling yugto ng kanyang life cyle. <br />
Egg Stage<br />
Ang isang babaeng ladybug ay nangingitlog sa ilalim na parte ng dahon. Sa
pamamagitan nito, hindi makikita ng mga lumilipad na mga insektong kumakain ng
itlog at proteksyon na rin sa masamang panahon. Ang isang inang ladybug ay
nangingitlog ng mahigit kumulang na sampu hanggang labing-limang itlog sa isang
lugar at inilalagay niya ito sa lugar na maraming pagkain upang di magutom ang
kanyang mga anak na anyong larvae pagkatapos nitong mapisa. Ang itlog ng ladybug
ay kulay dilaw na parang maliliit jelly beans.<br />
<div class="MsoNormal">
Larvae Stage</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
Kapag ang itlog ay napisa, ang larvae ay lalabas at
maghahanap ng pagkain gaya
ng maliliit na anay at aphids. Ang bagong silang na mga larvae ay kawangis ng
maliliit na buwaya. Pagkatapos lamang ng ilang araw, ang larvae ay lalaki at
simulang magpalit ng balat. Ang prosesong ito ay tatagal hanggang sila ay
lumalaki.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
Pupa Stage</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
Pagkatapos ng dalawang linggo ng paglaki, ang larvae ay
mag-uumpisang magpalit ng anyo na kamukha ng isang hipon. Maghahanap ito ng
dahon at animoy matutulog ng ilang araw, ngunit hindi talaga ito natutulog. Sa
pagkakataong ito ang larvae ay sumasailalim sa pagpapalit anyo o metamorphosis
hanggang sa ito ay maging adult ladybug.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
Adult Ladybug Stage</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
Kapag ang pagpapalit-anyo o metamorphosis ay natapos, ang
balat ng larvae ay mahahati at lalabas ang adult ladybug. Magmumukha itong
malambot at kulay pink o maputla na ilang oras hanggang sa ang shell nito ay
magiging matigas. Habang ang shell nito ay tumitigas nagkakaroon din ito ng
pigment na kung saan nagkakaroon ito ng matingkad na kulay pula.</div>
Unknownnoreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8366064709164184367.post-62278616131060320362013-06-09T19:40:00.002-07:002013-06-09T19:40:52.233-07:00Health: Respiratory Diseases<!--[if gte mso 9]><xml>
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<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 12.5pt;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">1.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 12.5pt;">Asthma</span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .25in; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .25in; text-align: justify;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 12.5pt;">Cause: </span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .25in; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .5in; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: 12.5pt;">The fundamental causes of Asthma are not completely
understood. The strongest risk factors for developing asthma are a combination
of genetic predisposition with environmental exposure to inhaled substances and
particles that may provoke allergic reactions or irritate the airways, such as:</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .5in; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 1.0in; mso-list: l8 level1 lfo4; tab-stops: list 1.0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-size: 12.5pt;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">1.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-size: 12.5pt;">Indoor allergens (for example, house dust mites in
bedding carpets and stuffed furniture, pollution and pet dander.)</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 1.0in; mso-list: l8 level1 lfo4; tab-stops: list 1.0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-size: 12.5pt;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">2.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-size: 12.5pt;">Outdoor allergens (such as pollens and moulds)</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 1.0in; mso-list: l8 level1 lfo4; tab-stops: list 1.0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-size: 12.5pt;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">3.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-size: 12.5pt;">Tobacco Smoke</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 1.0in; mso-list: l8 level1 lfo4; tab-stops: list 1.0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-size: 12.5pt;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">4.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-size: 12.5pt;">Chemical irritants in the workplace</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 1.0in; mso-list: l8 level1 lfo4; tab-stops: list 1.0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-size: 12.5pt;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">5.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-size: 12.5pt;">Air pollution</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .25in; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .25in; text-align: justify;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 12.5pt;">Symptoms:</span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .25in; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 1.0in; mso-list: l7 level1 lfo5; tab-stops: list 1.0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-size: 12.5pt;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">1.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-size: 12.5pt;">Wheezing</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 1.0in; mso-list: l7 level1 lfo5; tab-stops: list 1.0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-size: 12.5pt;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">2.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-size: 12.5pt;">Coughing</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 1.0in; mso-list: l7 level1 lfo5; tab-stops: list 1.0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-size: 12.5pt;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">3.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-size: 12.5pt;">Chest Tightness</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 1.0in; mso-list: l7 level1 lfo5; tab-stops: list 1.0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-size: 12.5pt;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">4.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-size: 12.5pt;">Shortness of breath</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .25in; text-align: justify;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 12.5pt;">Treatment:</span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .25in; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .5in; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: 12.5pt;">Asthma is a long-term disease that has no cure. The
goal of asthma treatment is to control the disease. Good asthma control will:</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; margin-bottom: 3.45pt; margin-left: .75in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 3.45pt; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo2; tab-stops: list .75in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="font-size: 12.5pt;">Prevent chronic
and troublesome symptoms, such as<span class="apple-converted-space"> </span><a href="http://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/health-topics/topics/cough/"><span style="color: windowtext;">coughing</span></a><span class="apple-converted-space"> </span>and
shortness of breath</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; margin-bottom: 3.45pt; margin-left: .75in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 3.45pt; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo2; tab-stops: list .75in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="font-size: 12.5pt;">Reduce your need
for quick-relief medicines (see below)</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; margin-bottom: 3.45pt; margin-left: .75in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 3.45pt; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo2; tab-stops: list .75in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="font-size: 12.5pt;">Help you maintain
good lung function</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; margin-bottom: 3.45pt; margin-left: .75in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 3.45pt; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo2; tab-stops: list .75in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="font-size: 12.5pt;">Let you maintain
your normal activity level and sleep through the night</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; margin-bottom: 3.45pt; margin-left: .75in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 3.45pt; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo2; tab-stops: list .75in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="font-size: 12.5pt;">Prevent asthma
attacks that could result in an emergency room visit or hospital stay</span></div>
<div style="background: white; margin-left: .5in; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: 12.5pt;">To control asthma, partner with your doctor to manage
your asthma or your child's asthma. Children aged 10 or older—and younger
children who are able—should take an active role in their asthma care.</span></div>
<div style="background: white; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;">
<span style="font-size: 12.5pt;">Taking an active role to control your asthma involves:</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; margin-bottom: 3.45pt; margin-left: .75in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 3.45pt; mso-list: l4 level1 lfo3; tab-stops: list .75in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="font-size: 12.5pt;">Working with your
doctor to treat other conditions that can interfere with asthma management.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; margin-bottom: 3.45pt; margin-left: .75in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 3.45pt; mso-list: l4 level1 lfo3; tab-stops: list .75in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="font-size: 12.5pt;">Avoiding things
that worsen your asthma (asthma triggers). However, one trigger you should not
avoid is physical activity. Physical activity is an important part of a healthy
lifestyle. Talk with your doctor about medicines that can help you stay active.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; margin-bottom: 3.45pt; margin-left: .75in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 3.45pt; mso-list: l4 level1 lfo3; tab-stops: list .75in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="font-size: 12.5pt;">Working with your
doctor and other health care providers to create and follow an asthma action
plan.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .25in; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 12.5pt;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">2.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 12.5pt;">Epiglottitis</span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 12.5pt;">Cause: </span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; margin-left: 1.0in; mso-list: l1 level2 lfo1; tab-stops: list 1.0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="font-size: 12.5pt;">Hib bacteria
(Haemophilus influenzae type b) - infection can cause epiglottitis as well as<a href="http://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/9276.php" title="What is Meningitis? What Causes Meningitis?"><span style="color: windowtext;">meningitis</span></a><span class="apple-converted-space"> </span>and<span class="apple-converted-space"> </span><a href="http://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/151632.php" title="What Is Pneumonia? What Causes Pneumonia?"><span style="color: windowtext;">pneumonia</span></a>.
Since widespread vaccinations, incidence of epiglottitis has dropped
dramatically.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; margin-left: 1.0in; mso-list: l1 level2 lfo1; tab-stops: list 1.0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="font-size: 12.5pt;">Other bacteria -
such as the one that commonly causes pneumonia -<span class="apple-converted-space"> </span><i>streptococcus pneumoniae</i>.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; margin-left: 1.0in; mso-list: l1 level2 lfo1; tab-stops: list 1.0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="font-size: 12.5pt;">Fungi -
especially individuals whose immune systems are weak.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; margin-left: 1.0in; mso-list: l1 level2 lfo1; tab-stops: list 1.0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="font-size: 12.5pt;"><a href="http://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/239450.php" title="What Is Chickenpox (Varicella)? What Causes Chickenpox?"><span style="color: windowtext;">Chickenpox</span></a>.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; margin-left: 1.0in; mso-list: l1 level2 lfo1; tab-stops: list 1.0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="font-size: 12.5pt;">An injury - if
you swallow a very hot drink too quickly there is a risk that the epiglottis
will swell.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; margin-left: 1.0in; mso-list: l1 level2 lfo1; tab-stops: list 1.0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="font-size: 12.5pt;">Other injuries,
caused by a blow to the neck may also cause epiglottitis.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .5in; margin-right: 2.9pt; margin-top: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .5in; margin-right: 2.9pt; margin-top: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<span style="background: white; font-size: 12.5pt;">Crack cocaine - crack cocaine users
are more likely to experience sub-acute epiglottitis symptoms.</span><span style="font-size: 12.5pt;"> </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; margin-right: 2.9pt; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; margin-right: 2.9pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 12.5pt;">Symptoms: </span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; margin-right: 2.9pt; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 1.25in; margin-right: 2.9pt; margin-top: 0in; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo6; tab-stops: list 1.25in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="font-size: 12.5pt;"><a href="http://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/168266.php" title="What Is Fever (Pyrexia)? What Causes Fever?"><span style="color: windowtext;">Fever</span></a></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 1.25in; margin-right: 2.9pt; margin-top: 0in; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo6; tab-stops: list 1.25in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="font-size: 12.5pt;">Swallowing
difficulties, often painful</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 1.25in; margin-right: 2.9pt; margin-top: 0in; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo6; tab-stops: list 1.25in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="font-size: 12.5pt;">Drooling</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 1.25in; margin-right: 2.9pt; margin-top: 0in; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo6; tab-stops: list 1.25in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="font-size: 12.5pt;">A hoarse or
muffled voice</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 1.25in; margin-right: 2.9pt; margin-top: 0in; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo6; tab-stops: list 1.25in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="font-size: 12.5pt;">Stridor - a high
pitched sound that accompanies respiration, especially when breathing in</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 1.25in; margin-right: 2.9pt; margin-top: 0in; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo6; tab-stops: list 1.25in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="font-size: 12.5pt;">Severe<span class="apple-converted-space"> </span><a href="http://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/155412.php" title="What Is Strep Throat? What Is Sore Throat?"><span style="color: windowtext;">sore
throat</span></a></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 1.25in; margin-right: 2.9pt; margin-top: 0in; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo6; tab-stops: list 1.25in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="font-size: 12.5pt;">Cyanosis - skin
may take on a blue tinge if the patient is not getting enough oxygen</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; margin-left: -9.35pt; mso-line-height-alt: 11.5pt; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: 45.35pt;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 12.5pt;">Treatment: </span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; margin-left: 63.35pt; mso-line-height-alt: 11.5pt; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify;">
<span style="background: white; font-size: 12.5pt;">Treatment for
epiglottitis includes securing a breathing tube in order to get enough oxygen.
Sometimes, a tracheotomy (creating a hole in the lower throat region to help in
breathing) may be necessary. Intravenous antibiotics can be given to treat the
bacteria causing epiglottitis.</span><span style="border: none windowtext 1.0pt; font-size: 12.5pt; mso-border-alt: none windowtext 0in; padding: 0in;"><br style="mso-special-character: line-break;" />
<br style="mso-special-character: line-break;" />
</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; margin-left: 63.35pt; mso-line-height-alt: 11.5pt; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 12.5pt;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">3.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 12.5pt;">Pneumonia</span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="tab-stops: 89.3pt; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="tab-stops: 40.5pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: 12.5pt;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Cause: <span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span></b></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="tab-stops: 89.3pt; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .75in; text-align: justify;">
<span style="background: white; font-size: 12.5pt;">Bacteria and viruses are the primary
causes of pneumonia. When a person breathes pneumonia-causing germs into his
lungs and his body's immune system cannot otherwise prevent entry, the
organisms settle in small air sacs called alveoli and continue multiplying. As
the body sends white blood cells to attack the infection, the sacs become filed
with fluid and pus - causing pneumonia.<span class="apple-converted-space"> </span></span><span style="font-size: 12.5pt;"></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .25in; text-align: justify; text-indent: .25in;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 12.5pt;">Symptoms:</span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .25in; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 1.0in; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo7; tab-stops: list 1.0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="font-size: 12.5pt;">Cough</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 1.0in; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo7; tab-stops: list 1.0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="font-size: 12.5pt;">Rusty or green
mucus (sputum) coughed up from lungs</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 1.0in; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo7; tab-stops: list 1.0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="font-size: 12.5pt;">Fever</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 1.0in; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo7; tab-stops: list 1.0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="font-size: 12.5pt;">Fast breathing
and shortness of breath</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 1.0in; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo7; tab-stops: list 1.0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="font-size: 12.5pt;">Shaking chills</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 1.0in; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo7; tab-stops: list 1.0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="font-size: 12.5pt;">Chest pain that
usually worsens when taking a deep breath (pleuritic pain)</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 1.0in; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo7; tab-stops: list 1.0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="font-size: 12.5pt;">Fast heartbeat</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 1.0in; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo7; tab-stops: list 1.0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="font-size: 12.5pt;"><a href="http://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/248002.php" title="What Is Fatigue? What Causes Fatigue?"><span style="color: windowtext;">Fatigue</span></a><span class="apple-converted-space"> </span>and feeling very weak</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 1.0in; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo7; tab-stops: list 1.0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="font-size: 12.5pt;">Nausea and
vomiting</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 1.0in; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo7; tab-stops: list 1.0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="font-size: 12.5pt;"><a href="http://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/158634.php" title="What Is Diarrhea? What Causes Diarrhea?"><span style="color: windowtext;">Diarrhea</span></a></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 1.0in; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo7; tab-stops: list 1.0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="font-size: 12.5pt;">Sweating</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 1.0in; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo7; tab-stops: list 1.0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="font-size: 12.5pt;"><a href="http://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/73936.php" title="What Are Headaches? What Causes Headaches?"><span style="color: windowtext;">Headache</span></a></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 1.0in; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo7; tab-stops: list 1.0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="font-size: 12.5pt;">Muscle pain</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 1.0in; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo7; tab-stops: list 1.0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="font-size: 12.5pt;">Confusion or
delirium</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 1.0in; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo7; tab-stops: list 1.0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="font-size: 12.5pt;">Dusky or purplish
skin color (cyanosis) from poorly oxygenated blood</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .25in; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .25in; text-align: justify; text-indent: .25in;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 12.5pt;">Treatment:</span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .25in; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .75in; text-align: justify;">
<span style="background: white; font-size: 12.5pt;">Treating pneumonia involves receiving
intravenous fluid and antibiotics, such as levofloxacin, amoxicillin or
cefuroxime, to destroy the bacteria. Drinking fluids, resting and taking
over-the-counter cough medications or pain relievers are additional ways to
manage pneumonia.</span><span style="border: none windowtext 1.0pt; font-size: 12.5pt; mso-border-alt: none windowtext 0in; padding: 0in;"></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .25in; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: 12.5pt;"></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .25in; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 12.5pt;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">4.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 12.5pt;">Bronchitis</span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .25in; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .25in; text-align: justify; text-indent: .25in;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="background: white; font-size: 12.5pt;">Cause:</span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .25in; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .75in; text-align: justify;">
<span style="background: white; font-size: 12.5pt;">Bronchitis is caused by viruses,
bacteria, and other particles that irritate the bronchial tubes.<span class="apple-converted-space"> </span></span><span style="font-size: 12.5pt;"></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .25in; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .75in; text-align: justify;">
<span style="background: white; font-size: 12.5pt;">Acute bronchitis is usually caused by
a viral infection in the bronchi - often the same viruses that causes cold and
flu. Bronchitis is actually part of the immune response to fighting against the
infection, since additional swelling occurs in the bronchial tubes as the
immune system's actions generate mucus. In addition to viruses, bacteria,
exposure to tobacco smoke, exposure to pollutants or solvents, and gastroesophageal
reflux disease (</span><span style="font-size: 12.5pt;"><a href="http://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/14085.php" title="What Is GERD? What Causes GERD?"><span style="background: white; color: windowtext;">GERD</span></a><span style="background: white;">) can also
cause acute bronchitis.<span class="apple-converted-space"> </span></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .75in; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .75in; text-align: justify;">
<span style="background: white; font-size: 12.5pt;">Chronic bronchitis is most commonly
caused by cigarette smoking. However, it can also be the result of continuous
attacks of acute bronchitis. Air pollution, dust, toxic gases, and other
industrial fumes are known to be responsible for the condition.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .25in; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .25in; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .25in; text-align: justify; text-indent: .25in;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="background: white; font-size: 12.5pt;">Symptoms:</span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .25in; text-align: justify; text-indent: .25in;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 1.0in; mso-list: l6 level1 lfo8; tab-stops: list 1.0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="font-size: 12.5pt;">I<a href="http://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/248423.php" title="What Is Inflammation? What Causes Inflammation?"><span style="color: windowtext;">nflammation</span></a><span class="apple-converted-space"> </span>or
swelling of the bronchi<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="background: white;"></span></b></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 1.0in; mso-list: l6 level1 lfo8; tab-stops: list 1.0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="font-size: 12.5pt;">Coughing<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="background: white;"></span></b></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 1.0in; mso-list: l6 level1 lfo8; tab-stops: list 1.0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="font-size: 12.5pt;">Production of
clear, white, yellow, grey, or green mucus (sputum)<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="background: white;"></span></b></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 1.0in; mso-list: l6 level1 lfo8; tab-stops: list 1.0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="font-size: 12.5pt;">Shortness of
breath<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="background: white;"></span></b></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 1.0in; mso-list: l6 level1 lfo8; tab-stops: list 1.0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="font-size: 12.5pt;">Wheezing<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="background: white;"></span></b></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 1.0in; mso-list: l6 level1 lfo8; tab-stops: list 1.0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="font-size: 12.5pt;"><a href="http://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/248002.php" title="What Is Fatigue? What Causes Fatigue?"><span style="color: windowtext;">Fatigue</span></a><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="background: white;"></span></b></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 1.0in; mso-list: l6 level1 lfo8; tab-stops: list 1.0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="font-size: 12.5pt;">Fever and chills<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="background: white;"></span></b></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 1.0in; mso-list: l6 level1 lfo8; tab-stops: list 1.0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="font-size: 12.5pt;">Chest pain or
discomfort<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="background: white;"></span></b></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 1.0in; mso-list: l6 level1 lfo8; tab-stops: list 1.0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="font-size: 12.5pt;">Blocked or runny
nose<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="background: white;"></span></b></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .25in; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .25in; text-align: justify; text-indent: .25in;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="background: white; font-size: 12.5pt;">Treatment:</span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .25in; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 1.0in; text-align: justify;">
<span style="background: white; font-size: 12.5pt;">In most cases you are advised to get
plenty of rest, drink plenty of fluids and to stay in a warm and moist
environment. This would be your best cure.<span class="apple-converted-space"> </span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .25in; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .25in; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: 12.5pt;"> </span></div>
<br />
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 12.5pt;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">5.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 12.5pt;">Tuberculosis </span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .25in; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .25in; text-align: justify; text-indent: .25in;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 12.5pt;">Cause:</span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .25in; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 1.0in; text-align: justify;">
<span style="background: white; font-size: 12.5pt;">Tuberculosis is ultimately caused by
the<span class="apple-converted-space"> </span><i>Mycobacterium tuberculosis</i><span class="apple-converted-space"> </span>that is spread from person to person
through airborne particles. It is not guaranteed, though, that you will become
infected with TB if you inhale the infected particles. Some people have strong
enough immune systems that quickly destroy the bacteria once they enter the
body. Others will develop latent TB infection and will carry the bacteria but
will not be contagious and will not present symptoms. Still others will become
immediately sick and will also be contagious.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .25in; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .25in; text-align: justify; text-indent: .25in;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 12.5pt;">Symptoms:</span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .25in; text-align: justify; text-indent: .25in;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 1.0in; mso-list: l5 level1 lfo9; tab-stops: list 1.0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="font-size: 12.5pt;">coughing that
lasts longer than 2 weeks with green, yellow, or bloody sputum</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 1.0in; mso-list: l5 level1 lfo9; tab-stops: list 1.0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="font-size: 12.5pt;">weight loss</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 1.0in; mso-list: l5 level1 lfo9; tab-stops: list 1.0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="font-size: 12.5pt;">fatigue</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 1.0in; mso-list: l5 level1 lfo9; tab-stops: list 1.0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="font-size: 12.5pt;">fever</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 1.0in; mso-list: l5 level1 lfo9; tab-stops: list 1.0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="font-size: 12.5pt;">night sweats</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 1.0in; mso-list: l5 level1 lfo9; tab-stops: list 1.0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="font-size: 12.5pt;">chills</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 1.0in; mso-list: l5 level1 lfo9; tab-stops: list 1.0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="font-size: 12.5pt;">chest pain</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 1.0in; mso-list: l5 level1 lfo9; tab-stops: list 1.0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="font-size: 12.5pt;">shortness of
breath</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 1.0in; mso-list: l5 level1 lfo9; tab-stops: list 1.0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="font-size: 12.5pt;">loss of appetite</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 12.5pt;">Treatment:</span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div style="background: white; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 1.0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-line-height-alt: 11.5pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: 12.5pt;">Treatment of tuberculosis begins with
seeking regular medical care throughout your life. Regular medical care allows
your health care professional to best evaluate your risk of becoming infected
with <i>Mycobacterium tuberculosis<span class="apple-converted-space"> </span></i>(<i>M.
tuberculosis</i>) and developing the disease, and to promptly order screening
and further diagnostic testing as needed. These measures greatly increase the
chances of diagnosing and treating tuberculosis in its earliest and most
curable stage.</span></div>
<div style="background: white; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; mso-line-height-alt: 11.5pt; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div style="background: white; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 1.0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-line-height-alt: 11.5pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: 12.5pt;">Tuberculosis is treatable. Prompt
diagnosis and treatment can reduce the risk of developing serious
complications, such as meningitis. You can help cure tuberculosis and eliminate
its transmission by consistently following the treatment plan designed by you
and your health care professional.</span></div>
Unknownnoreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8366064709164184367.post-16238059843025609202013-06-09T19:32:00.002-07:002013-06-09T19:32:28.132-07:00Life of Saint Dominic Savio<!--[if gte mso 9]><xml>
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<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
Savio was born on April 2, 1842,
to Carlo and Brigida Savio. They lived near Turin. When he was two years old, his parents
returned to their native place at Murialdo on the outskirts of Castelnuovo
d'Asti (which was the birth-place of John Bosco),<sup>[13]</sup> and from where
they had gone to Riva in 1841<sup>[14]</sup> His parents took great care to
give him a Christian upbringing.<sup>[15]</sup> By the age of four, Dominic was
able to pray by himself and was occasionally found in solitude, praying.<sup>[14]</sup>
In his biography of Dominic, John Bosco records that Savio's parents recollect
how he used to help his mother around the house, welcome his father home, say
his prayers without being reminded, (even reminding others when they forgot)
and say Grace at mealtimes unfailingly.Fr. Giovanni Zucca from Moriondo, who
was then the chaplain at Murialdo when Dominic was five years old,<sup>[16]</sup>
notes in a statement to John Bosco that he came to notice Dominic due to his
regular church attendance with his mother, and his habit of kneeling down
outside the church to pray (even in the mud or snow) if he happened to come to
Church before it had been unlocked in the morning. The chaplain also notes that
Savio made good progress at the village school not merely due to his cleverness,
but also by working hard. He would not join the other boys in doing something
that he believed to be morally wrong and would explain <i>why</i> he thought a
particular deed was wrong.<sup>[16]</sup> At the age of five, he learned to
serve Mass, and would try to participate at Mass every day as well as go
regularly to Confession. Having been permitted to make his First Communion at
an early age, he had much reverence for the Eucharist.</div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
At that time, it was customary for children to
receive their First Communion at the age of twelve.<sup>[18]</sup> (Pope Pius X
would later lower this age to seven)<sup>[19][20]</sup> After initial
hesitation, and subsequent consultation with other priests, the parish priest
agreed to permit Dominic to receive his First Communion at the age of seven,
since he knew the catechism and understood something of the Eucharist.<sup>[21]</sup>
He spent much time praying and reading in preparation,<sup>[22]</sup> asking
his mother's forgiveness for anything he might have done to displease her and
then went to Church. In his biography of Dominic Savio, John Bosco devotes a
chapter to tell of Dominic's First Communion. He says that several years later,
whenever Dominic talked of the day of his First Communion, he said with joy:</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .5in; text-align: justify;">
<i>"That
was the happiest and most wonderful day of my life"</i></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
Dominic had to go to another
school and it was decided that he would go to the County School at Castelnuovo,
three miles (5 km) from his home.<sup>[24]</sup> (Castelnuovo d' Asti, now
Castelnuovo John Bosco, was the birthplace of another contemporary of John
Bosco, Joseph Cafasso, also a saint. He was four years the senior of John
Bosco, and was Bosco's mentor and advisor.<sup>[25]</sup>) Now ten years old,
Dominic walked daily to and from school. In his biography of Dominic Savio,
John Bosco records how a local farmer once asked Dominic, on a hot sunny day,
if he was not tired from walking, and received the reply: "Nothing seems
tiresome or painful when you are working for a master who pays well."<sup>[26]</sup>
Don Bosco also notes that Dominic refused to go swimming<sup>[27]</sup> with
his friends since Dominic considered that in such a situation, it would be
"also easy to offend God",<sup>[24]</sup> he believed that on a
previous occasion his friends behaved in, what was to him, a vulgar manner.<sup>[28]</sup>
In his biography Bosco records that Fr. Allora, the head of this school, had this
to say about Dominic: "...Hence it may very well be said that he was Savio
(wise), not only in name, but in fact, viz., in his studies, in piety, in
conversation and his dealing with others, and in all his actions. ..."</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
Dominic's health was steadily deteriorating,
but he spent most of his time with his friends, talking with them, and
encouraging those who were experiencing troubles.<sup>[46]</sup> He also helped
at the school infirmary whenever his companions were admitted. On the
recommendation of doctors, Dominic was sent home to recover from his ill
health, but a few days later Bosco found him back at the Oratory. In spite of
his affection for Dominic, and his wish to allow Dominic to remain at the
Oratory, John Bosco decided to follow the recommendation of the doctors,
especially since Dominic had developed a severe cough<sup>[47]</sup> and he
wrote to Dominic's father, fixing the date of his departure on March 1, 1857.
Though Dominic said that he wanted to spend his last days at the Oratory, he
accepted this decision and spent the evening before his departure at John
Bosco's side, discussing spiritual matters. (Bosco recorded a part of this
conversation in his biography of Dominic).<sup>[46]</sup> On the morning of his
departure, Don Bosco notes that Dominic made the <i>Exercise of a Happy Death</i>
with great zeal, even saying that this would be his final such devotion.<sup>[48]</sup>
He said his farewell to John Bosco, asking as a keepsake that Bosco add his
name to the list of those who would participate in the Plenary Indulgence that
John Bosco had received from the Pope, to which John Bosco readily agreed.<sup>[46]</sup>
He then said took leave of his friends with great affection, which surprised
them, for his illness was not considered by many of his companions to be
serious.</div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
In his first four days at home his appetite
decreased and his cough worsened; this prompted his parents to send him to the
doctor, who, at once, ordered bed rest.<sup>[49]</sup> Inflammation was
diagnosed, and as was the custom at that time, the doctor decided to perform
bloodletting. The doctor cut Dominic's arm ten times in the space of four days
and it is now considered that this probably hastened his death.<sup>[50]</sup>
In his biography, John Bosco records that Dominic was calm throughout the
procedure. The doctor assured his parents that the danger had passed and now it
only remained for him to recuperate. Dominic, however, was sure that his death
was approaching, and asked that he be allowed to make his Confession and
receive Communion. Though they thought it unnecessary, his parents sent for the
parish priest who heard Dominic's confession and administered the Eucharist.<sup>[51]</sup>
After four days, in spite of the conviction of the doctor and his parents that
he would get better, Dominic asked that he be given the Anointing of the Sick
in preparation for death. Again, his parents agreed, to please him. On March 9,
he was given the papal blessing and he said the <i>Confiteor</i>. Don Bosco
records that throughout these days, he stayed serene and calm.<sup>[52]</sup>
On the evening of March 9, 1857, after being visited by his parish priest, he
asked his father to read him the prayers for the <i>Exercise of a Happy Death</i>
from his book of devotions. Then he slept a while, and shortly awakened and
said in a clear voice,</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .5in; text-align: justify;">
<i>"Goodbye,
Dad, goodbye . . . what was it the parish priest suggested to me ... I don't
seem to remember . . . Oh, what wonderful things I see ...".</i></div>
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;"><br clear="all" style="page-break-before: always;" />
</span>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Contributions of
Saint Dominic Savio</b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b>His Love of the Sacraments</b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
Experience proves without question that the greatest source
of spiritual help lies in the Sacraments of Penance and Holy Communion.
Boys and girls who receive these Sacraments frequently grow from childhood to
maturity, and so to the end of their lives, always models of Christian
virtue. Would to heaven that children might understand this truth and put
it into practise and also that their teachers might help them to persevere with
it!</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<b>His Love of Penance.</b><br />
Dominic's youth, his delicate health and the innocence of his life, alike
dispensed him from all species of mortification but as he knew that innocence
is difficult to preserve without doing some kind of penance, the path of
mortification seemed to him to be strewn with roses.<br />
By mortification, I do not here mean bearing patiently with the
contradictions and insults of others nor the continual mortification of the
senses at all times, during prayers, at lessons or recreations, for this was
habitual with Dominic. I mean bodily mortification. In the
fervour of his soul, Dominic resolved to eat and drink only bread and water
every Saturday, in honour of Our Blessed Lady, but his confessor forbade
it. Next he wished to fast during Lent but after a week, his director
came to hear of what he was doing and put a stop to it. He begged at
least to be allowed to go without his breakfast but this also was forbidden, for
all these mortifications would have had a very bad effect upon his health.<br />
<b>His Devotion to Our Lady</b><br />
Among the many graces with which God had been pleased to enrich Dominic's
soul, not the least was his fervour in prayer. He had got so into the
habit of conversing with God that even in the midst of the noisiest games he
would recollect himself in Him and raise his heart heavenwards in pious
exclamations. He had a great devotion to the Blessed Mother of God and
every day practised some mortification in her honour. On his way to
school, he never let his eyes dwell on any person of the opposite sex but kept
them on the ground. Once, when he had been forced to admit having thus
missed seeing something that his school-fellows were all discussing, one of the
boys lost his temper with him and exclaimed: "What do you think to do with
your eyes if you never use them?" "I hope to use them to behold
the beauty of our Heavenly Mother, when I shall be worthy to see her in Paradise.<br />
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
Unknownnoreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8366064709164184367.post-56087524564638940082013-06-09T19:30:00.003-07:002013-06-09T19:30:52.730-07:00Life of Saint Helen<!--[if !mso]>
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<br />
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: 11.0pt;">Helena</span><span style="font-size: 11.0pt;">'s birthplace is not known with certainty. The
6th-century historian Procopius is the earliest authority for the statement
that Helena was a native of Drepanum, in the province of Bithynia
in Asia Minor. Her son Constantine renamed the
city "Helenopolis" after her death in 330, which supports the belief
that the city was her birthplace. Although he might have done so in her honor, Constantine probably had
other reasons for doing so. The Byzantinist Cyril Mango has argued that
Helenopolis was refounded to strengthen the communication network around his
new capital in Constantinople, and was renamed simply to honor Helena, not to
mark her birthplace.<sup>[3]</sup> There was also a Helenopolis in Palestine
(modern Daburiyya)<sup>[4]</sup> and a Helenopolis in Lydia.<sup>[5]</sup>
These cities, and the province of Helenopontus in the Diocese of Pontus, were
probably both named after Constantine's mother.<sup>[2]</sup> G. K. Chesterton
in his book 'A Short History of England' writes that she was considered a
Briton by the British; supporting this, she is depicted as having golden hair.
Some people believe that she came from Colchester in Essex; this being the
Roman capital in Britain at the time, today the town has schools and places
named after her, as well as her image appearing on the town hall and her son's
name, Constantine, being used as the title for a particular road.</span></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: 11.0pt;">The bishop and
historian Eusebius of Caesarea states that she was about 80 on her return from
Palestine.<sup>[6]</sup> Since that journey has been dated to 326–28, Helena was probably born
in 248 or 250. Little is known of her early life.<sup>[7]</sup> Fourth-century
sources, following Eutropius' <i>"Breviarium,"</i> record that she
came from a low background. Saint Ambrose was the first to call her a <i>stabularia</i>,
a term translated as "stable-maid" or "inn-keeper". He
makes this fact a virtue, calling Helena a <i>bona
stabularia</i>, a "good stable-maid".<sup>[8]</sup> Other sources,
especially those written after Constantine's
proclamation as emperor, gloss over or ignore her background.<sup>[7]</sup></span></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: 11.0pt;">It is unknown
where she first met Constantius.<sup>[9]</sup> The historian Timothy Barnes has
suggested that Constantius, while serving under Emperor Aurelian, could have
met her while stationed in Asia Minor for the
campaign against Zenobia. It is said that upon meeting they were wearing identical
silver bracelets, Constantius saw her as his soulmate sent by God. Barnes calls
attention to an epitaph at Nicomedia of one of
Aurelian's protectors, which could indicate the emperor's presence in the
Bithynian region soon after 270.<sup>[10]</sup> The precise legal nature of the
relationship between Helena
and Constantius is also unknown. The sources are equivocal on the point,
sometimes calling Helena Constantius' "wife", and sometimes,
following the dismissive propaganda of Constantine's rival Maxentius,<sup>[11]</sup>
calling her his "concubine".<sup>[9]</sup> Jerome, perhaps confused
by the vague terminology of his own sources, manages to do both.<sup>[12]</sup>
Some scholars, such as the historian Jan Drijvers, assert that Constantius and
Helena were joined in a common-law marriage, a cohabitation recognized in fact
but not in law.<sup>[13]</sup> Others, like Timothy Barnes, assert that
Constantius and Helena were joined in an official marriage, on the grounds that
the sources claiming an official marriage are more reliable.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: 11.0pt;">Helena
gave birth to the future emperor Constantine I on 27 February of an uncertain
year soon after 270<sup>[15]</sup> (probably around 272).<sup>[16]</sup> At the
time, she was in Naissus (Niš, Serbia).<sup>[17]</sup> In order to obtain a
wife more consonant with his rising status, Constantius divorced Helena some
time before 289, when he married Theodora, Maximian's daughter.<sup>[18]</sup>
(The narrative sources date the marriage to 293, but the Latin panegyric of 289
refers to the couple as already married).<sup>[19]</sup> Helena and her son
were dispatched to the court of Diocletian at Nicomedia, where Constantine grew
to be a member of the inner circle. Helena
never remarried and lived for a time in obscurity, though close to her only
son, who had a deep regard and affection for her.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: 11.0pt;">Source:
</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: 11.0pt;">Catholig.org,
St. Helena</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: 11.0pt;">http://www.catholic.org/saints/saint.php?saint_id=123</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
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<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 11.0pt;">Contributions of Saint Helen to the
Church</span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
St. Helena lived a very
pious and holy life. At a very advanced age she made a pilgrimage to the Holy Land. While there, she located many of the sites
made holy by Our Lord and recovered relics, which she then sent to Rome and Costantinople.
With help from her son, Emperor Constantine the Great, she had a number of
churches and shrines constructed to commemorate special sites in the Holy Land. Upon her death she was proclaimed a saint by
popular acclaim. There was no formal process at the time for canonization. That
did not come until about the 12th century.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white;">
<span style="color: black;"><br />
Source: </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white;">
http://wiki.answers.com/Q/How_did_St._Helena_become_a_saint#ixzz1x6MaOZCZ</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 11.0pt;">Virtues and Teaching of Saint Helen</span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
Helena, like Constantine, was
still ignorant of the true faith, till God, after having given the clearest
proof of his miraculous preservation of the Church, deigned to call the
emperors themselves, and to make Constantine the Great the declared protector
of the Christian religion. Maxentius, son of Maximien Hercules, declared war
against Constantine, and determined to give him
battle at a place two miles distant from Rome.
Constantine's
army was inferior in numbers; but the former felt himself inspired to invoke
the true God, whom he besought with the most earnest prayers to make himself
known to him. This prince had an upright heart, and God heard him. About
mid-day, when marching at the head of his troops, he beheld in the heavens a
luminous cross, in the centre of which were traced, in characters of fire,
these words: "By this sign thou shalt be victorious." The entire army
witnessed this miracle; but no one was so sensibly struck by it as the emperor,
who passed the whole day endeavoring to discover what this wonderful apparition
signified. <br />
<br />
It was to her son that Helena
was indebted for the knowledge of the true religion. She was about sixty-four
years of age when she received the light of the Gospel; but her conversion was
so perfect that all her virtues were the moot heroic from that happiest moment
of her existence. Mistress of the treasures of the empire, loved and respected
by a son who, when near her, seemed to forget that he was master of the world, Constantine used every
means in his power to anticipate her wishes. The dearest desire of Helena was to cause
Christianity to flourish through the whole world. Although advanced in age, God
prolonged her years in order that her examples might edify the Church, for the
exaltion of which her son exerted all his energies. Her zeal and faith were
incomparable, and Saint Gregory tells us that she kindled in the hearts of the
Romans the same fire that consumed her soul. She assisted at the divine offices
with exemplary assiduity; she decorated the churches with rich furniture and
precious vessels; and she extended her munificence even to the chapels of the
poorest suburbs.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: 11.0pt;">Source:
</span></div>
<h3 style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in;">
<span style="font-size: 11.0pt; font-weight: normal; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">Patron Saints for Girls: Saint <em>Helena</em>, Empress</span></h3>
<h3 style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in;">
<cite><span style="font-size: 11.0pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; mso-bidi-font-style: italic; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">http://saints.sqpn.com/ps4g10.htm</span></cite><span style="font-size: 11.0pt; font-weight: normal; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;"></span></h3>
<br /><br />
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
Unknownnoreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8366064709164184367.post-40180064928157275382013-06-09T19:17:00.001-07:002013-06-09T19:17:14.912-07:00Tula: Ako'y Wika<!--[if gte mso 9]><xml>
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<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="background: white; color: #191919; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11.0pt;">Wikang
Filipino ang aking pangalan,</span><span style="color: #191919; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11.0pt;"><br />
<span style="background: white;">Ipinanganak ko itong kalayaan,</span><br />
<span style="background: white;">Ako ang ina at siyang dahilan,</span><br />
<span style="background: white;">Ng pagkakaisa at ng kasarinlan!</span><br />
<br />
<span style="background: white;">Sapagkat ako nga ang siyang tumanglaw</span><br />
<span style="background: white;">Sa bansang tahanang iyong tinatanaw,</span><br />
<span style="background: white;">Katulad ng inang sa iyo ay ilaw,</span><br />
<span style="background: white;">Nagbibigay-sigla’t buting sumasaklaw!</span><br />
<br />
<span style="background: white;">Ako rin ang ama at naging haligi,</span><br />
<span style="background: white;">Ng mga sundalo at mga bayani,</span><br />
<span style="background: white;">Sa digmaan noon sa araw at gabi,</span><br />
<span style="background: white;">Ako ang sandatang nagtaas ng puri!</span><br />
<br />
<span style="background: white;">Pagkat akong wika ang lakas mo’t tuwa</span><br />
<span style="background: white;">Ako’y lakas nitong bisig mo at diwa</span><br />
<span style="background: white;">Sa pamamagitan ng aking salita,</span><br />
<span style="background: white;">Ligtas ka sa uring luksong masasama!</span><br />
<br />
<span style="background: white;">Sinalita ako at gamit ng lahat,</span><br />
<span style="background: white;">Upang mga taksil ay maisiwalat,</span><br />
<span style="background: white;">Sa Luzon, Visayas, sa lahat ng s’yudad,</span><br />
<span style="background: white;">Pati sa Mindanao, ako ay nangusap!</span><br />
<br />
<span style="background: white;">At nakamit mo na ang hangad na laya,</span><br />
<span style="background: white;">Mula sa dayuhang sakim at masama,</span><br />
<span style="background: white;">Dilim na sumakop sa bayan at bansa,</span><br />
<span style="background: white;">Dagling lumiwanag, pintig ay huminga!</span><br />
<br />
<span style="background: white;">Wikang Filipino, ginto mo at hiyas,</span><br />
<span style="background: white;">Panlahat na wika saan man bumagtas,</span><br />
<span style="background: white;">Ilaw na maalab sa dilim ay lunas</span><br />
<span style="background: white;">At lakas patungo sa tuwid na landas!</span></span></div>
Unknownnoreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8366064709164184367.post-19643439439663319312013-06-09T19:16:00.000-07:002013-06-09T19:16:03.395-07:00KASAYSAYAN NG WIKA<!--[if gte mso 9]><xml>
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<br />
<div style="background: white; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 4.8pt; mso-line-height-alt: 10.95pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 11.0pt;">Noong ika-26 ng Marso 1946,
nagpalabas si Pangulong<span class="apple-converted-space"> </span><a href="http://fil.wikipilipinas.org/index.php?title=Sergio_Osme%C3%B1a" title="Sergio Osmeña"><span style="color: windowtext;">Sergio Osmeña</span></a><span class="apple-converted-space"> </span>ng Proklamasyon Blg. 35, na
nagtatalaga ng petsang mula ika-27 ng Marso hanggang ika-2 ng Abril bilang
Linggo ng Wika. Noong ika-23 ng Setyembre 1955, iniutos naman ni Pangulong<span class="apple-converted-space"> </span><a href="http://fil.wikipilipinas.org/index.php?title=Ramon_Magsaysay" title="Ramon Magsaysay"><span style="color: windowtext;">Ramon Magsaysay</span></a><span class="apple-converted-space"> </span>sa pamamagitan ng Proklamasyon Blg.
186 na ang Linggo ng Wika ay ipagdiriwang mula ika-13 hanggang ika-19 ng Mayo.
Ang pagbabago ng petsa ng pagdiriwang ng Linggo ng Wika ay bilang paggunita sa
kaarawan ni Pangulong<span class="apple-converted-space"> </span><a href="http://fil.wikipilipinas.org/index.php?title=Manuel_L._Quezon" title="Manuel L. Quezon"><span style="color: windowtext;">Manuel L. Quezon</span></a>,
ang tinaguriang "Ama ng Wikang Pambansa". Dahil sa paglilipat na ito
ng petsa ng pagdiriwang ng Linggo ng Wika, naging imposible para sa mga
estudyante at guro ang makilahok dito.</span></div>
<div style="background: white; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 4.8pt; mso-line-height-alt: 10.95pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 11.0pt;">Pagkatapos ng Himagsikan sa EDSA
noong 1986, inilabas ni Pangulong<span class="apple-converted-space"> </span><a href="http://fil.wikipilipinas.org/index.php?title=Corazon_Aquino" title="Corazon Aquino"><span style="color: windowtext;">Corazon Aquino</span></a><span class="apple-converted-space"> </span>ang Proklamasyon Blg. 19 noong ika-12
ng Agosto 1988, upang pagtibayin ang pagdedeklara ng pagdiriwang ng Linggo ng
Wika mula ika-13 hanggang ika-19 ng Agosto kada taon.</span></div>
<div style="background: white; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 4.8pt; mso-line-height-alt: 10.95pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 11.0pt;">Upang higit pang pagtibayin ang mga
naunang proklamasyon hinggil sa Linggo ng Wika, idineklara naman ni Pangulong <a href="http://fil.wikipilipinas.org/index.php?title=Fidel_V._Ramos" title="Fidel V. Ramos"><span style="color: windowtext;">Fidel V. Ramos</span></a><span class="apple-converted-space"> </span>ang buong buwan ng Agosto bilang
Pambansang Buwan ng Wika sa pamamagitan ng Proklamasyon Blg. 1041 noong ika-15
ng Enero, 1997.</span></div>
<div style="background: white; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 4.8pt; mso-line-height-alt: 10.95pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 11.0pt;">Sa kasalukuyan, ipinagdiriwang pa
rin ang Linggo ng Wika at Buwan ng Wika sa Pilipinas. Opisyal itong nakatala sa
listahan ng mga kultural na pagdiriwang sa bansa.</span></div>
Unknownnoreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8366064709164184367.post-54986962545339978702013-06-09T19:15:00.002-07:002013-06-09T19:15:22.463-07:00KAHALAGAHAN NG WIKA<!--[if gte mso 9]><xml>
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<span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 11.0pt;">"Ang hindi magmahal sa sariling
wika ay higit sa hayop at malansang isda; kaya ating pagyamaning kusa, gaya ng inang sa atin ay
nagpala." Ito ang tanyag na katagang nagmula sa ating pambansang bayani na
si Gat.<span class="apple-converted-space"> </span><a href="http://fil.wikipilipinas.org/index.php?title=Jose_Rizal" title="Jose Rizal"><span style="color: windowtext;">Jose Rizal</span></a><span class="apple-converted-space"> </span>na nagbibigay kahalagahan sa wika sa
buhay ng isang tao.</span></div>
<div style="background: white; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 4.8pt; mso-line-height-alt: 10.95pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 11.0pt;">Ang wika ng isang bansa ay
masasabing siyang kaluluwa na nagbibigay buhay dito. Ito ang nagsisilbing tulay
na nagdurugtong sa mga kumunidad na naninirahan sa isang bansa. Sa pamamagitan
ng wika, nagkakaunawaan at nagkakaisa ang bawat tao. Higit sa lahat, nagsisilbi
ito bilang ating pagkakakilanlan. Dahil dito ay nakikita ang iba’t ibang
impluwensya sa bansa na siyang nakapagpabago at humulma sa pagkatao ng mga
mamamayan. Samakatuwid, ang wika ay batayan ng natatanging kultura ng isang
bansa.</span></div>
Unknownnoreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8366064709164184367.post-922199841675124202013-06-09T19:14:00.004-07:002013-06-09T19:14:44.737-07:00LINGGO NG WIKA<!--[if gte mso 9]><xml>
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<span style="background: white; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11.0pt;">Ang Linggo ng Wika ay ipinagdiriwang tuwing
unang linggo ng Agosto kada taon sa</span><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 11.0pt;"><a href="http://fil.wikipilipinas.org/index.php?title=Pilipinas" title="Pilipinas"><span style="background: white; color: windowtext;">Pilipinas</span></a><span style="background: white;">. Sinasalamin ng selebrasyong ito ang kahalagahan ng<span class="apple-converted-space"> </span></span><a href="http://fil.wikipilipinas.org/index.php?title=Wikang_Filipino" title="Wikang Filipino"><span style="background: white; color: windowtext;">Filipino</span></a><span class="apple-converted-space"><span style="background: white;"> </span></span><span style="background: white;">bilang pambansang wika. Sa bawat taon, ang mga
institusyong pang-edukasyon kagaya ng mga paaralan at unibersidad, at ang mga
sangay ng pamahalaan, ay sama-samang nakikilahok sa iba’t ibang mga gawain
tulad ng mga paligsahan sa pagsulat ng sanaysay, mga pagtatanghal, parada, at
iba pang paraan nang pagpapakita ng paggamit ng wikang Filipino.</span></span></div>
Unknownnoreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8366064709164184367.post-56317540789705108292013-06-09T19:12:00.000-07:002013-06-09T19:13:47.873-07:00TALUMPATI NI MANUEL L. QUEZON<!--[if gte mso 9]><xml>
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<span style="background: white; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Manuel L. Quezon</span><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Mga kababayan ko: may isang kaisipang nais
kong lagi niyong tatandaan. At ito ay: kayo ay Pilipino. Na ang Pilipinas ay
inyong bayan, at ang tanging bayan na ibinigay ng Diyos sa inyo. Na dapat niyo
itong ingatan para sa inyong mga sarili, sa inyong mga anak, at sa mga anak ng
inyong anak, hanggang sa katapusan ng mundo. Kailangan niyong mabuhay para sa
bayan, at kung kinakailangan, mamatay para sa bayan.<span class="apple-converted-space"> </span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Dakila ang inyong
bayan. Mayroon itong dakilang nakaraan, at dakilang kinabukasan. Ang Pilipinas
ng kahapon ay naging dakila dahil sa pag-aalay ng buhay at yaman ng inyong mga
bayani, martir, at sundalo. Ang Pilipinas ng ngayon ay pinararangalan ng
taos-pusong pagmamahal ng mga pinunong di-makasarili at may lakas ng loob. Ang
Pilipinas ng bukas ay magiging bayan ng kasaganaan, ng kaligayahan, at ng
kalayaan. Isang Pilipinas na nakataas ang noo sa Kanlurang Pasipiko, tangan ang
sariling kapalaran, hawak sa kanyang kamay ang ilaw ng kalayaan at demokrasya.
Isang republika ng mga mamamayang marangal at may paninindigan na sabay-sabay
nagsisikap mapabuti ang daigdig natin ngayon.</span></div>
Unknownnoreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8366064709164184367.post-89507282387314778752013-02-28T20:29:00.001-08:002013-02-28T20:29:07.765-08:00Economics: What is Law of Demand and Law of Supply<!--[if gte mso 9]><xml>
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<![endif]--><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span class="itxtnewhookspan"><span style="border: 1pt none windowtext; padding: 0in;"></span></span><b><span class="itxtnewhookspan"><span style="border: 1pt none windowtext; font-style: normal; padding: 0in;">LAW OF DEMAND</span></span></b></span></span>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">The <span>law of demand</span>
is an economic law, which states that <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Consumer" title="Consumer"><span style="color: windowtext; text-decoration: none;">consumers</span></a>
buy more of a good when its price is lower and less when its price is higher (<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ceteris_paribus" title="Ceteris paribus"><span style="color: windowtext; text-decoration: none;">ceteris
paribus</span></a>).The Law of demand states that the quantity demanded and the
price of a <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commodity" title="Commodity"><span style="color: windowtext; text-decoration: none;">commodity</span></a>
are inversely related, other things remaining constant. That is, if the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Income" title="Income"><span style="color: windowtext; text-decoration: none;">income</span></a> of the
consumer, prices of the related <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Goods" title="Goods"><span style="color: windowtext; text-decoration: none;">goods</span></a>, and preferences of the consumer remain unchanged, then
the change in quantity of good demanded by the consumer will be negatively
correlated to the change in the price of the good.</span></span></div>
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Every law will have limitations or exceptions. While expressing the law of
demand, the assumption is that other conditions of demand are unchanged. If
they don't remain constant, the inverse relation may not hold well. In other
words, it is assumed that the income and tastes of consumers and the prices of
other commodities are constant. This law operates when the commodity’s price
changes and all other prices and conditions do not change. The main assumptions
are:</span></span><br />
<ul type="disc">
<li class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Habits, tastes and fashions
remain constant.</span></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Money, income of the consumer
does not change.</span></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Prices of other goods remain
constant.</span></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">The commodity in question has
no substitute or is not in competition by other goods.</span></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">The commodity is a normal good
and has no prestige or status value.</span></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">People do not expect changes
in the price.</span></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Price is independent and
demand is dependent.</span></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"> </span></span></li>
</ul>
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><b>LAW OF SUPPLY</b></span></span><br />
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">The "law of supply" is a fundamental
principal of economic theory which is that quantities respond in the same direction
as price changes. In other words, the <span>law
of supply</span> states that (all other things unchanged) an increase in price
results in an increase in quantity supplied. This means that producers are
willing to offer more products for sale on the market at higher prices by
increasing production as a way of increasing profits.</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">The law of supply states that, ceteribus
paribus (latin for 'assuming all else is held constant'), the quantity supplied
for a good rises as the price rises. In other words, the quantity demanded and
price are positively related. Supply curves are drawn as 'upward sloping' due
to this positive relationship between price and quantity supplied. Note: There
are theoretical instances where the law of supply might not hold, though these
are rarely, if ever, seen in the real world.</span></span></div>
Unknownnoreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8366064709164184367.post-15729490438857285322013-02-28T20:25:00.003-08:002013-02-28T20:26:58.058-08:00Economics: What are the Factors Affecting Demand and Supply?<!--[if gte mso 9]><xml>
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<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">Demand and supply is an economic model that determines the
prices of goods in a market. Demand is exercised by consumers willing to
purchase products or services. Supply is the response to that need of the
consumers. Both activities are influenced by economic developments in the
domestic environment. Such factors are inflation, unemployment, prices of
commodities and international trade. </span></span></div>
<h2>
<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="color: black;"><br />
</span><span style="font-style: normal;"><span style="font-size: small;">Inflation</span>.</span><span style="font-style: normal; font-weight: normal;"> Inflation is the increase
in the prices of goods in an economy, while the income of people remains
unchanged. It affects the demand and supply because with increasing prices of
production, the buying capacity of people decreases. For example, Bloomberg
indicates that the increased prices of production in the U.K. has affected the population in
the country. The Bank of England had reported that the prices of properties are
dropping as supply outpaced demand. People exercise reduced property demand as
the increased inflation limits their buying capacity.</span></span></span></h2>
<h2>
<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-style: normal;">UNEMPLOYMENT.</span><span style="font-style: normal; font-weight: normal;"> When people are unable to
practice a profession, they are deprived from income. The lack of finance in a
household limits significantly the demand that people exercise. The higher the
unemployment rates, the lower the demand for production. Supply, at the same
time might outreach demand as production remains unsold. This is how
unemployment might result in overproduction as <span class="itxtnewhookspan"><span style="border: 1pt none windowtext; padding: 0in;">companies</span></span> would continue producing in order to
compete on the market, but the reduced demand would limit their sales.</span></span></span></h2>
<h2>
<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-style: normal;">INTERNATIONAL TRADE.</span><span style="font-style: normal; font-weight: normal;">
International trade is among the most important factors in demand and supply
because through import of goods, domestic economies respond to the request for
production exercised by society. Thus, goods which are not produced in the
country can be imported from other destinations. When the international trade
with other destinations is disrupted, a country might suffer over-demand and
insufficient supply. For example, during the domination of the Soviet Union in Eastern Europe in the late 1980s, countries could not trade
with Western producers. This led to an increased demand for production such as
electronics and sportswear, and insufficient supply of these products as
countries are politically restricted from participating in the global trade
with Western destinations.</span></span></span></h2>
<h2>
<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-style: normal;">COMMODITIES.</span><span style="font-style: normal; font-weight: normal;"> As commodities increase in
value, the prices of production increase. This affects the demand and supply
significantly because, just like inflation, such a process might undermine the
request for goods. For example, the increased prices of gold have led to a
reduced demand for gold jewelry in Eastern Europe
where the price increase was felt at its strongest. However, the increase in
the value of commodities, which are heavily relied upon, might not change the
demand and supply. For example, despite the rising prices of oil, people and
companies continue to exercise strong demand for fuel as these resources are
vital for transportation and <span class="itxtnewhookspan"><span style="border: 1pt none windowtext; padding: 0in;">energy production.</span></span></span></span></span></h2>
<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span class="itxtnewhookspan"><span style="border: 1pt none windowtext; padding: 0in;"><br clear="all" style="page-break-before: always;" /></span></span>References: <span style="font-size: small;">Random Sites</span></span></span>Unknownnoreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8366064709164184367.post-21331040416922085132013-02-28T20:21:00.002-08:002013-02-28T20:21:57.990-08:00Computer Subject: Part of the Computer and Its Functions<!--[if gte mso 9]><xml>
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<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-663Ii85jN4E/UTAsj23UU-I/AAAAAAAAAS4/aFzk_d8plsQ/s1600/parts-of-the-computer.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="400" src="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-663Ii85jN4E/UTAsj23UU-I/AAAAAAAAAS4/aFzk_d8plsQ/s400/parts-of-the-computer.png" width="288" /></a></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .25in;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Computer Case</span></b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">
(also known as a "<b>computer chassis</b>", "<b>cabinet</b>",
"<b>box</b>", "<b>tower</b>", "<b>enclosure</b>",
"<b>housing</b>", "<b>base unit</b>" or simply "<b>case</b>")
is the enclosure that contains most of the components of a computer (usually excluding
the display, keyboard and mouse).</span><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .25in;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .25in;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">CPU </span></b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">The
central processing unit processes all of the data that is accessed by the
machine. In PCs the CPU, or microprocessor, is a small silicon chip located
beneath the fan.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .25in;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-left: .25in; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-outline-level: 2;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">RAM </span></b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Random
access memory, also known as main memory, provides a buffer between the hard
drive and central processing unit. </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-left: .25in; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-outline-level: 2;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-left: .25in; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-outline-level: 2;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Hard Drive </span></b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">A
hard drive provides permanent storage for the operating system, programs and
files on a machine. </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-left: .25in; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-outline-level: 2;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-left: .25in; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-outline-level: 2;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Motherboard </span></b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">The
motherboard is an underlying circuit board that holds all the computer
components together. </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-left: .25in; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-outline-level: 2;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-left: .25in; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-outline-level: 2;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Power Supply Units </span></b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">The
power supply unit converts AC power from your wall outlet to DC power, usable
by the computer internals, and controls power saving.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-left: .25in; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-outline-level: 2;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-left: .25in; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-outline-level: 2;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">ROM</span></b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"> or <b>read-only
memory</b> is permanent, long-term, <b>nonvolatile</b> memory.
Nonvolatile means is doesn't disappear when the computer is shut off. It
also cannot be erased or changed in anyway</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-left: .25in; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-outline-level: 2;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Keyboard</span></b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"> is a </span><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Typewriter#Keyboard_layouts:_.22QWERTY.22_and_others" title="Typewriter"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">typewriter-style
device</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">,
which uses an arrangement of buttons or </span><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Push-button" title="Push-button"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">keys</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">, to act as
mechanical levers or electronic switches. Following the decline of </span><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Punch_card" title="Punch card"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">punch cards</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"> and </span><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paper_tape" title="Paper tape"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">paper tape</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">, interaction
via </span><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Teleprinter" title="Teleprinter"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">teleprinter</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">-style keyboards
became the main </span><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Input_device" title="Input device"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">input
device</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">
for computers.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-left: .25in; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-outline-level: 2;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-left: .25in; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-outline-level: 2;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Mouse</span></b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"> is a </span><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pointing_device" title="Pointing device"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">pointing device</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"> that functions
by detecting </span><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Two-dimensional_space" title="Two-dimensional space"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">two-dimensional</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"> motion relative
to its supporting surface. Physically, a mouse consists of an object held under
one of the user's hands, with one or more buttons.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-left: .25in; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-outline-level: 2;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-left: .25in; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-outline-level: 2;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Computer
Monitor</span></b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">,
a screen that displays output from a computer.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-left: .25in; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-outline-level: 2;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-left: .25in; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-outline-level: 2;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Disk Drives </span></b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">A
computer contains at least one disk drive. There are several types of drives,
including CD or DVD drives, floppy disk drives and hard disk drives. A hard
disk drive is usually the main storage drive on the computer, and stores data
and programs that are loaded into RAM for use. Some modern hard disk drives use
large quantities of solid state memory and contain no moving parts, however
most are made of multiple disk platters that spin at a high rate of speed to
allow for faster data transfer.</span></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Interface Cards </span></b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Most
computers allow for a variety of interface cards, which allow external devices
to input or read data from the computer. Examples of interface cards include
video cards, audio cards, network cards and modems. Modems are cards that allow
data communication over standard telephone lines. In many cases, a single
interface card allows many devices to be used on a single computer. A good
example is a USB card, which allows many devices to send and receive data from
a computer. In the past, USB was implemented only on an interface card, but
many modern computers implement USB on the main board, thus negating the need
for a card.</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: "Cooper Black";">Re<span style="font-size: small;">ferences: Random S<span style="font-size: small;">ites</span></span></span></span> </div>
Unknownnoreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8366064709164184367.post-2435506498874986122013-02-28T20:14:00.002-08:002013-02-28T20:16:04.250-08:00Science: Forms of Energy<!--[if gte mso 9]><xml>
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<span class="yellowfade" style="font-size: x-small;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% white; color: black; font-family: Arial;">FORMS
OF ENERGY</span></b></span></div>
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<span class="yellowfade" style="font-size: x-small;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% white; color: black; font-family: Arial;">MEANING</span></b></span></div>
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<span class="yellowfade" style="font-size: x-small;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% white; color: black; font-family: Arial;">USES</span></b></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
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<td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 139.5pt;" valign="top" width="186"><div class="MsoNormal">
<span class="yellowfade" style="font-size: x-small;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% white; color: black; font-family: Arial;">1. Chemical Energy</span></b></span></div>
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<span class="yellowfade" style="font-size: x-small;"><span style="background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% white; color: black; font-family: Arial;">Is the potential of a
chemical substance to undergo a transformation through a chemical reaction or
to transform other chemical.</span></span></div>
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<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 2.75in;" valign="top" width="264"><div class="MsoNormal" style="background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% white;">
<span style="background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% white; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: x-small;">The most common use of
chemical energy is the food we consume to generate enough energy to live,
work, think.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% white;">
<span style="color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: x-small;">Plants convert solar energy into chemical
energy through a process called<span class="apple-converted-space"> </span><span style="border: none windowtext 1.0pt; color: #014a7f; mso-border-alt: none windowtext 0in; padding: 0in;">photosynthesis</span>. </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% white;">
<span style="font-size: x-small;"><br /></span></div>
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<span style="color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: x-small;">Batteries use chemical energy and convert it
to electrical energy to power electric devices, motors, etc.</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: x-small;"><br /></span></div>
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<span class="yellowfade" style="font-size: x-small;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% white; color: black; font-family: Arial;">2. Mechanical Energy</span></b></span></div>
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<span class="yellowfade" style="font-size: x-small;"><span style="background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% white; color: black; font-family: Arial;">A combination of kinetic and
potential energy resulting from the force of gravity or the movement or
release of a machine component, such as a spring, clamp or wheel.</span></span></div>
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<span style="color: #080808; font-family: Arial; font-size: x-small;">used in generators to create electrical energy, it is used in
manual labor, anything really that requires movement. Levers, rope-and-pully
systems</span></div>
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<span class="yellowfade" style="font-size: x-small;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% white; color: black; font-family: Arial;">3. Radiant Energy</span></b></span></div>
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<span class="yellowfade" style="font-size: x-small;"><span style="background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% white; color: black; font-family: Arial;">Energy that is transmitted in
the form of (electromagnetic) radiant energy that exists or the absence of
matter.</span></span></div>
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<span class="yellowfade" style="font-size: x-small;"><span style="background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% white; color: black; font-family: Arial;">Most commonly used in the
fields of radiometry, solar energy, heating and lighting, but is also
sometimes used in other fields (such as telecommunications)</span></span></div>
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<td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 139.5pt;" valign="top" width="186"><div class="MsoNormal">
<span class="yellowfade" style="font-size: x-small;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% white; color: black; font-family: Arial;">4. Thermal Energy</span></b></span></div>
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<span class="yellowfade" style="font-size: x-small;"><span style="background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% white; color: black; font-family: Arial;">Is the part of the total
internal energy of a thermodynamic system or sample of matter that results in
the system temperature. This quantity may be difficult to determine of even
meaningless unless the system has attained its temperature only through
cooling, and not been subjected to work input or output.</span></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 2.75in;" valign="top" width="264"><div class="MsoNormal">
<span class="yellowfade" style="font-size: x-small;"><span style="background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% white; color: black; font-family: Arial;">Used in all sorts of ways.
Use it to keep warm (by heating structures and vehicles) prepare food (both
at home and commercially, industrial applications.) We can convert thermal
energy to electrical energy. Thermal energy from the sun supports life on
this planet. </span></span></div>
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<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 5; mso-yfti-lastrow: yes;">
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 139.5pt;" valign="top" width="186"><div class="MsoNormal">
<span class="yellowfade" style="font-size: x-small;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% white; color: black; font-family: Arial;">5. Electrical Energy</span></b></span></div>
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<span style="background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% white; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: x-small;">is the result of the interaction of subatomic
particles with electromagnetic force. Within an atom, electrons and protons
create a charge. This charge can be transferred between bodies using direct
contact with a conductive material like a wire.</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: x-small;"><br /></span></div>
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<span style="background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% white; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: x-small;">used throughout the world to power devices,
appliances and methods of transportation utilized in daily life. To make
things operate, electrical energy must be emitted from energy sources such as
power plants, to enable an object to consume the power it needs to function.
As a result, the electrical energy permits people to watch television in
their home, or purchase soda from a vending machine because the electrical
energy is available.</span><span class="yellowfade" style="font-size: x-small;"><span style="font-family: Arial;"></span></span></div>
</td>
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Unknownnoreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8366064709164184367.post-73147714550002796332013-02-28T20:11:00.003-08:002013-02-28T20:11:38.325-08:00Filipino: Tatlong (3) Alamat; Alamat ng Pinya, Alamat ng Saging at Alamat ng Waling-Waling <!--[if gte mso 9]><xml>
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<span style="font-size: small;"><b><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">ANG
ALAMAT NG PINYA</span></b></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span><br />
Noong unang panahon may nakatirang mag-ina sa isang malayong pook. Ang ina ay
si Aling Rosa at ang anak ay si Pina. Mahal na mahal ni Aling Rosa ang kanyang
bugtong na anak. Kaya lumaki si Pinang sa layaw. Gusto ng ina na matuto si Pinang
ng mga gawaing bahay, ngunit laging ikinakatwiran ni Pinang
na alam na niyang gawin ang mga itinuturo ng ina. Kaya't pinabayaan na lang
niya ang kanyang anak.</span></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span><span> </span><br />
Isang araw nagkasakit si Aling Rosa. Hindi siya makabangon at makagawa ng
gawaing bahay. Inutusan niya si Pinang na
magluto ng lugaw. Isinalang ni Pinang ang
lugaw ngunit napabayaan dahil sa kalalaro. Ang lugaw ay dumikit sa palayok at
nasunog. Nagpasensiya na lang si Aling Rosa, napagsilbihan naman siya kahit
paano ng anak. </span></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span><br />
Nagtagal ang sakit ni Aling Rosa kaya't napilitang si Pinang
ang gumagawa sa bahay. Isang araw, sa kanyang pagluluto hindi niya makita ang
posporo. Tinanong ang kanyang ina kung nasaan ito. Isang beses naman ay ang
sandok ang hinahanap. Ganoon ng ganoon ang nangyayari. Walang bagay na di
makita at agad tinatanong ang kanyang ina. Nayamot si Aling Rosa sa katatanong
ng anak kaya´t nawika nito: " Naku! Pinang,
sana'y magkaroon ka ng maraming mata upang makita mo ang lahat ng bagay at
hindi ka na tanong nang tanong sa akin. </span></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span><br />
Dahil alam niyang galit na ang kanyang ina ay di na umimik si Pinang.
Umalis siya upang hanapin ang sandok na hinahanap. Kinagabihan, wala si Pinang
sa bahay. Nabahala si Aling Rosa. Tinatawag niya ang anak ngunit walang
sumasagot. Napilitan siyang bumangon at naghanda ng pagkain. </span></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span><br />
Pagkaraan ng ilang araw ay magaling-galing na si Aling Rosa. Hinanap niya si Pinang. Tinanong niya ang mga kapitbahay kung nakita nila
ang kanyang anak. Ngunit naglahong parang bula si Pinang.
Hindi na nakita ni Aling Rosa si Pinang. </span></span></span></div>
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><br />
Isang araw, may nakitang halaman si Aling Rosa sa kanyang bakuran. Hindi niya
alam kung anong uri ang halamang iyon. Inalagaan niyang mabuti hanggang sa
ito'y magbunga. Laking pagkamangha ni Aling Rosa ng makita ang anyo ng bunga
nito. Ito'y hugis-ulo ng tao at napapalibutan ng mata.</span></span><br />
<br />
<br />
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<div align="center" style="text-align: center;">
<b><span style="font-size: small;">ANG ALAMAT NG SAGING</span></b></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span><br />
Noong unang panahon sa isang nayon ay may magkasintahan. Sila ay si Juana at si
Aging.Sila`y labis na nagmamahalan sa bawa`t isa. Ngunit tutol ang mga magulang
ni Juana sa kanilang pag-iibigan. Gayun pa man di ito alintana ni Juana.
Patuloy pa rin siyang nakikipagkita kay Aging.</span></div>
<span> Isang araw, naabutan sila ng ama ni
Juana. Bigla itong nagsiklab sa galit at hinabol ng taga si Aging. Naabutan ang
braso ni Aging at ito`y naputol. Tumakas si Aging at naiwang umiiyak si Juana.
Pinulot niya ang putol na braso ni Aging at ito`y ibinaon sa kanilang bakuran.</span><br />
<span><br />
Kinabukasan, gulat na gulat ang ama ni Juana sa isang halaman na tumubong bigla
sa kanilang bakuran. Ito`y kulay luntian , may mahahaba at malalapad na dahon.
May bunga itong kulay dilaw na animo`y isang kamay na may mga daliri ng tao.<br />
Tinawag niya si Juana at tinanong kung anong uri ng halaman ang tumubo sa
kanilang bakuran.</span><br />
<span><br />
Pagkakita sa halaman, naalaala niya ang braso ni Aging na ibinaon niya doon
mismo sa kinatatayuan ng puno. Nasambit niya ang pangalan ni Aging.</span><br />
<span><br />
"Ang punong iyan ay si Aging!" wika ni Juana.</span><br />
<span><br />
Magmula noon ang halamang iyon ay tinawag na "Aging" at sa katagalan
ito`y naging saging.</span><br />
<br />
<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><br /></span>
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<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<b><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">ALAMAT NG WALING-WALING</span></span></b></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">
</span></span><div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span>Noong unang
panahon sa isang kahariang matatagpuan sa may dagat ng Mindanao,
may isang makisig at matapang na sultang nagngangalang Rajah Solaiman. Dahil sa
kaniyang galing at tapang sa digmaan siya’y nakilala bilang isang kilabot sa
iba’t ibang kaharian. Pinaniniwalaang nasa kaniyang pag-aari ang isang
mahiwagang sundang, ang Sundang Lenantatyon. Ibinigay ito kay Solaiman ni
Bal-Lido, ang diyosa ng digmaan.</span></span></span></div>
<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">
</span></span><div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span>Ipinagkaloob ito
sa kaniya dahil sa mahusay niyang taktika sa pakikipagdigma. Malaki ang
pasasalamat sa kaniya ng mga taga-Mindanao dahil sa patuloy na pagtatanggol ng
Rajah. Isa sa mga digmaang kinasangkutan ng Rajah ang digmaan sa Seta Tem-mon.</span></span></span></div>
<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">
</span></span><div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span>Nagwagi siya sa
labanang ito, subalit iyon lamang ay naging posible sa tulong ni Bal-Lido. Sa
labanang ito siya niregaluhn ng sundang. Subalit bago pa man ito napasakaniya,
dumaan muna siya sa isang pagsubok.</span></span></span></div>
<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">
</span></span><div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span>“Kunin mo ang
itak,” sabi ni Bal-Lido. Sa pagtingala ni Solaiman nakita niya ang isang
lumulutang na itak. “Gamitin mo iyan at putulin mo ang iyong kaliwang braso,”
Di nagdalawang-isip si Solaiman, sa utos ng diyosa ay kinuha niya ang espada at
iniakmang puputulin ang kaniyang sariling braso. Sa pagtama ng itak sa kaniyang
braso nagulat na lamang siya nang mapansing walang dugong dumanak ni balat
na napilas mula sa kaniyang katawan.</span></span></span></div>
<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">
</span></span><div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span>“Mula sa puntong
ito Solaiman, hindi ka na magagalaw ng kahit anong sandata<br />
pa man.” Sabi ni Bal-Lido. “Ikaw ay papanaw lamang sa aking utos, sa oras na
iyon siguraduin mong isusuko mo ang ibinigay kong sundang sa lugar na ito.
Kung hindi ka makararating, siguraduhin mong may isang taong
mapagkakatiwalaang magbabalik ng sundang sa akin.”</span></span></span></div>
<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">
</span></span><div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span>Kung gaano
kabagsik si Solaiman sa digmaan, ganoon rin siya kabagsik sa
pag-ibig. Dahil sa ganitong katangian, kinamumuhian at kinatatakutan siya
hindi lamang ng kaniyang mga kaaway kung hindi pati na rin ng kaniyang mga
tagasunod. Sa mga kalye pa lamang, rinig na ang mga bulungan ng mga tao.
Umaalingawngaw ang mga babala sa lahat ng sulok ng kaharian, “Itago ang
asawa’t mga anak na babae dahil si Solaiman ay paparating.”</span></span></span></div>
<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">
</span></span><div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span>Nag-uumapaw na ang
mga babae sa harem niya subalit, hindi pa rin siya tumitigil
sa pangungulekta nito. Para sa isang maharlikang tulad niya, walang dalang
bigat ang nag-uumapaw na babae sa kaniyang buhay. Kung may isang aalis,
may tatlong darating, kung gaano siya kahusay sa paggamit ng kaniyang
sundang, tila mas matalim ang kaniyang mga salita pagdating sa pag-ibig.</span></span></span></div>
<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">
</span></span><div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span>Sa dulo ng
kaniyang kaharian, may naninirahang isang mangingisda. Kasama nito
ang kaniyang anak na babae sa bahay na siyang nag-aalaga sa kaniya.</span></span></span></div>
<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">
</span></span><div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span>Isang tapat na
tagapaglingkod ang mangingisdang ito kay Rajah Solaiman. Subalit, dahil sa
pag-aalala sa posibleng kahinatnan ng kaniyang anak, itinago niya ito sa gitna
ng gubat. Umaasang walang mga matang makatatanaw sa kaniyang anak, lalo pa
ang mga mata ni Rajah Solaiman. Alam niyang hinding- hindi siya
makatatanggi sa kung ano mang sabihin ng kaniyang Rajah.</span></span></span></div>
<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">
</span></span><div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span>Tumira si
Waling-Waling sa itaas ng isang punong lauan. Napaliligiran ito ng
mga ilang-ilang at ilang halamang gubat. Walang nakaaalam ng paraan upang
makaakyat dito kung hindi ang mapag-arugang mangingisda lamang. Pati ang
mga pagbisita niya ay planadong-planado. Sa umaga, siya’y nagdadala ng
pagkain at sa gabi nama’y sinisiguradong ligtas at maayos ang kaniyang
anak.</span></span></span></div>
<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">
</span></span><div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span>Isang di
pangkaraniwang kagandahan nga talaga itong si Waling-Waling. Singkinis ng
sutla ang kaniyang balat, singdilim ng uling ang buhok, ang kaniyang mga pisngi
ay parang dinampian ng rosas, mga matang sintingkad ng mga alitaptap sa
gitna ng dilim, at ang kaniyang mga pilik mata’y tila mga alon sa
pagkakurbada. Madali sana
para sa dalaga ang ipakasal sa kahit na sino kung isa lamang siyang
dugong-maharlika. Subalit, nagiging mahirap ang lahat dahil isa lamang
siyang pangkaraniwang mamamayan.</span></span></span></div>
<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">
</span></span><div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span>Isang araw habang
nangangaso si Solaiman sa gubat, napansin niyang may isang tirahan sa
itaas ng mga puno. Sa gitna ng mga puno, nasulyapan niya ang bahay
ni Waling-Waling. Sa kaniyang paglingon nakita nito ang isang kakaibang
kagandahang noon pa lamang niya nakita.</span></span></span></div>
<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">
</span></span><div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span>Napasigaw si Rajah
Solaiman, “Sino ang ama mo? Sigurado akong itinatago ka<br />
lamang niya sa akin!” Hindi sumagot sa Waling-Waling sa takot na baka kung
anong gawin ng Rajah sa kaniyang ama.</span></span></span></div>
<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">
</span></span><div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span>Sa kaniyang
pagtulog, nanaginip ang mangingisda ng mga karimarimarim na ideya. Nang
magising ito mula sa masasamang panaginip, kumaripas siya ng takbo
upang tunguhin ang tirahan ni Waling-Waling sa gubat. Laking gulat niya
nang maabutan niya ang isang nagngingitngit na Rajah.</span></span></span></div>
<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">
</span></span><div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span>“Paano mo nagawang
itago sa akin ang isang nilalang na singganda ng iyong anak? Sabihin mo sa
kaniyang bumaba upang makita ko siya ng mas maayos.” Utos ng Rajah
sa mangingisda. “Gawin mo ito kung ayaw mong mahati ng aking sundang.”</span></span></span></div>
<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">
</span></span><div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span>Sa utos ng
kaniyang ama, bumaba naman si Waling-Waling. Nang umabot siya sa kalahati
ng puno, nadampian siya ng ilaw mula sa buwan na lalong nagbigay liwanag
sa kaniyang ganda. “Hindi kita papatayin,” sabi ni Solaiman sa
mangingisda, “subalit, nais ko sanang pakasalan ang iyong anak.
Ipinapangako kong pakakawalan lahat ng babae sa aking harem at siya ang
gagawin kong asa…”</span></span></span></div>
<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">
</span></span><div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span>Bago pa man
tuluyang matapos ni Solaiman ang kaniyang sasabihin at bago pa<br />
man makababa si Waling-Waling, nanigas ang katawan ng Rajah at ng mangingisda.</span></span></span></div>
<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">
</span></span><div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span>Isang liwanag ang
bumalot sa buong gubat. Nakita nila ang isang imahen na papaliit nang
papaliit. Ang dating katawan ni Waling-Waling ay tila sumabit sa mga sanga
ng puno. Habang paunti-unting nawala ang liwanag tila naging mas malinaw
sa dalawa ang imahen ng isang bulaklak. Isang bulaklak na may lila’t
pulang batik sa kaniyang mga talulot.</span></span></span></div>
<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">
</span></span><div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span>Hindi sila
makapaniwala sa kanilang nasaksihan subalit, walang nagawa si Solaiman at
ang mangingisda. Pagbalik sa palasyo, inatasan niya ang mga kawal niya na
kumuha ng bulaklak ng Waling-Waling sa gubat at ipalamuti ito sa mga puno
sa harapan ng palasyo.</span></span></span></div>
<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">
</span></span><div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">Isang pag-alaala sa mga pag-ibig na sana’y maabot
na niya.</span></span><span style="font-size: 12.5pt;"></span></div>
Unknownnoreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8366064709164184367.post-14105118688263936772013-02-28T19:55:00.002-08:002013-02-28T19:55:10.895-08:00Filipino: Buod ng Noli Me Tangere<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><i>Pinagkunan: Wikipedia.org</i></span></span><br />
<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><br /></span></span>
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<br />
<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span>May handaan sa bahay ni Don Santiago de los Santos. Maraming handa,
Dumalo ang mga kaibigan at kakilala ng Don. Nagsidalo rin pati na ang mga taong
hindi inimbita. Masaya ang lahat sa nasabing pagtitipon. Kaya lamang ay nauwi
sa pagtatalo ang pagsasaya ng iba, tulad ng nangyari kina Padre Damaso at sa
tenyente ng guardia civil. Talo pa nila ang mga walang pinag-aralan. Dumating
mula sa Europa si Crisostomo Ibarra, anak ng namatay na si Don Rafael.
Hinangaan siya at binati ng maraming panauhin sa bahay ni Kapitan Tiyago.
Nagulat si Crisostomo Ibarra sa pagtatakwil ni Padre Damaso sa kanyang
pag-aalala nang lapitan siya ni Tenyente Guevarra at purihin niyon ang kanyang
ama.</span></span></span><br />
<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span>Masaganang hapunan ang inihanda ni Kapitan
Tiyago bilang pasasalamat sa Mahal na Birhen sa pagdating ni Crisostomo Ibarra
mula sa Europa. Ang pakikipag-usap ng ilang panauhin kay Ibarra habang
naghahapunan ay humanga sa pagsasalaysay niya ng kanyang nakikinig sa kanyang
pagsasalita, marami ang namasid at palagay tungkol sa kalagayan ng mga bansang
nalakbay na niya. Ang opinyon ni Padre Damaso ay pagsasayang lamang ng salapi
ang gayon. Nainsulto si Ibarra sa ipinahayag ng dating pari sa kanyang bayang San Diego. Umalis siya
nang hindi pa tapos ang hapunan.</span></span></span><br />
<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span>Isinalaysay ni Tenyente Guevarra kay
Crisostomo Ibarra ang naging dahilan ng pagkakabilanggo at pagkamatay ni Don
Rafael. Dahil sa pagtatanggol ni Don Rafael sa isang batang lalaki na gustong
saktan ng artilyero ay naitulak niya iyon. Nabagok ang ulo ng artilyero. Hindi
na yaon muling natauhan at tuluyan nang namatay. Hinuli ng pulisya si Don
Rafael Ibarra. Tumagal ang paglilitis ng kanyang usapin hanggang sa namatay na
siya sa loob ng bilangguan ng may sakit. Sa tinuluyang silid ni Crisostomo
Ibarra ay iba-ibang pangitain ang nakita niya sa kanyang isipan. Naging abalang
lubha ang kanyang pag-iisip sa malupit at malungkot na kapalarang sinapit ng
kanyang ama. Hindi na tuloy niya napag-ukulan ng pansin ang mga tanawing
makapagpapaligaya sa puso.</span></span></span><br />
<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span>Mauuri ang mga taong naglalarawan sa pagkatao
ni Kapitan Tiyago. May humahanga at natutuwa sa kanya. May namimintas at
naiinis. May mga nasusuklam dahil sa kanyang mga pandaranas at katusuhan sa
negosyo. Salapi ang ginagamit niya sa pagliligtas ng kanyang kaluluwa. Marahil
ay dahil sa pag-aakalng mabibili niya pati na ang Diyos. Ngunit, ano man ang
kapintasan ni Kapitan Tiyago ay sinasabing mahal na mahal niya ang anak na si
Maria Clara kahit na hindi niya ito kamukha. Inakala ng mga kamag-anak ni
Kapitan Tiyago na gawa ng paglilihi sa mga santol ng asawa niyang si Donya Pia
ang pagka-mestisa ni Maria Clara. Sinasabi ring ang donya ang isa sa mga
dahilan ng lubhang pagyaman ng Don.</span></span></span><br />
<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span>Dumalaw si Crisostomo Ibarra sa kasintahan
niyang sa Maria clara sa bahay ni Kapitan Tiyago sa Binondo. Sa kanilang
pag-uulayaw sa balkonahe ay sinariwa ng balisa si Kapitan Tiyago bago at
pagkatapos ng pag-uusap nila ni Padre Damaso. Samantala, ay isang matandang
pari sa kanilang korporasyon ang dinalaw ni Padre Sibyla. Nasabi ng paring may
sakit na kailangan nang magbago ng pamamalakad ang mga prayle sa Pilipinas
sapagkat namumulat na ang isipan ng mga tao sa katotohanan kinabukasan ay Araw
ng mga Patay. Kailangan niyang umuwi sa San
Diego upang dalawin ang libing ng kanyang amang si Don
Rafael Ibarra.</span></span></span><br />
<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span>Nasisiyahang pinanood ni Ibarra ang mga
nadaraanan niyang mga tao’t bagay-bagay sa mga lansangan at mga pook na
binagtas ng kanyang karwahe mula sa Binondo. Itinulad niya ang mga iyon sa mga
naobserbahan niya sa kanyang paglalakbay sa mga bansa sa Europa. Nasabi niyang
higit na mauunlad ang mga bansa sa ibayong dagat kaysa sa sarili niyang bayan.
Kinausap ni Padre Damaso si Kapitan Tiyago tungkol sa isang mahalagang bagay na
sila pa lamang ang nakakaalam. agkasuyo ang masasaya at malulungkot nilang
karanasan. Dahil sa matamis nilang pag-uulayaw ay muntik nang malimutan ni
Ibarra na. Dating isang maliit na nayon lamang ang bayan ng San Diego. Mayaman ito sa anking mga bukirin
at lupaing pinag-aanihan ng palay, asukal, kape, at prutas na naipagbibili sa
iba pang mga bayan. Bukod sa ilog na parang ahas gubat sa gitna ng luntiang
bukid ay angkin pa rin ng San diego
ang isang gubat na nagtatago ng maraming alamat. Isa na rito ang kwento ukol sa
mga ninuno ni Crisostomo Ibarra.</span></span></span><br />
<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span>Dadalawa ang talagang makapangyarihan sa
bayan ng San Diego.
Sila’y ang kura ng kinatawan ng Papa sa Batikano, at ang alperes na kumakatawan
sa mga tauhang sa halip na mag-utos ay siyang inuutusan. Ang mga
makapangyarihan. Todos los Santos.
Dumalaw si Crisostomo Ibarra sa libingan. Hinananap nila ng kasamang katulong
ang puntod ng kanyang amang si Don Rafael, ngunit hindi nila iyon natagpuan.
Isinalaysay ng sepulturero ang kahilahilakbot na nangyari sa bangkay ng Don
dahil sa utos ng “Malaking Kura’. Nilisan ni Ibarra ang libingan na gulong-gulo
ang isp. Diniian niya sa balikat ang nakasalubong ang kura sa pag-aakalng iyon
ang humamak sa bangkay ng kanyang ama. Kakaiba sa karaniwan ang mga kilos at
paniniwala ni Pilosopong Tasyo. Kaya may mga nagbabansag sa kanyang pilosopo at
may nag-aakala ring siya ay isang baliw. Sa mga ipinahayag niyang kaisipan ay
mapupunang maka-siyensya, makatao, at maka-Diyos ang kanyang mga paniniwala sa
buhay.</span></span></span><br />
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span>Mga sakristan sa simbahan ng San Diego sina Basilio at
Crispin. Gabi na’y nasa kampanaryo pa ang magkapatid. Ayaw silang pauwiin ng
sakristan mayor hangga’t hindi nila naililitaw ang salaping (tatlumpu't
dalawang piso) ibinibintang sa kanila na ninakaw ni Crispin. Pinag-uusapan ng
magkapatid ang nararapat na gawin para makauwi na sila sa kanilang ina nang
dumating sa kampanaryo ang sakristan mayor. Kinaladkad niyang pababa si Crispin
at pinagsabihan si Basilio na huwag munang umuwi, lampas alas diyes na daw sya
ng gabi makakauwi. Ang sinasabing curfew ay alas nueve lang ng gabi.</span></span></span></div>
<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span>Maraming katangian si Sisa… mabuti at
masasama. Nakaimpluwensya nang malaki sa asawa ni Sisa ang nasasabing mga
katangian. Sa pamamagitan ni Sisa ay nailantad ni Dr. Rizal ang mabubuti at
masasamang katangian ng babaing Pilipina. Hindi maitatanggi na ang masasamang
kaangkinan ay nagbubunga rin ng masama.</span></span></span><br />
<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span>Sa pag-uwi ni Basilio mula sa kumbento ay
sinita siya ng guardia civil. Nagtatakbo siya nang takot lalo pa nga’t hindi
niya naintindihan ang itinanong ng Kastila. Pinaputukan siya at nadaplisan ng
bala sa noo. Binalak niyang iwan ang pagsasakristan at pumasok na lamang bilang
pastol kay Crisostomo Ibarra. Ipinagtaka ng mga namamahala sa pista ang hindi
pagpapahalik sa kanila ng kamay ng pari. Samantala, napabilang si Sisa sa mga
nagdurusang kaluluwa nang malamang wala sa kumbento ang susunduin sana niyang anak na si
Crispin. Gayon na lamang ang pagkabahala ni Sisa. Naipayak siya sa kusina ng
kumbento kaya’t ipinagtabuyan siya ng kusinero.</span></span></span><br />
<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span>Nagtanong si Crisostomo Ibarra sa guro ng
paaralan sa San Diego
ng tungkol sa problema sa edukasyon. Isinalaysay ng guro ang iba’t ibang
problema pa rin ang kahirapan ng mag-aaral at kakulangan sa mga kagamitan sa
pagtuturo. Nakabibigat pa sa lahat ng ito ang kawalan ng kalagayan ng guro sa
kanyang pagtuturo at ang wikang gamit sa panturo.</span></span></span><br />
<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span>May pulong sa tribunal ng San Diego. Mga namumuno sa mga nayon at bayan
ang nagmimiting. Adyenda ng miting ang mga gagawing pagdidiriwang para sa pista
ng San diego.
Naging mainitan ang pagtatalo sa mga mungkahing iniharap, lalo na ang ukol sa
balak na iminungkahi ni Don Filipo. Gayunam’y pinagtibay ang mungkahi ng isang
karaniwang kasapi. Nang nagkakasundo na ang lahat tungkol sa idaraos na mga
pagdiriwang ay saka ipinaalam ng kapitan na hindi maisasagawa ang
pinagkasunduan ng dalawang partido sapagkat iba ang gusto ang kura para sa
pista. Si Sisa ay hinuli ng dalawang guardia civil dahil sa hindi natagpuan ang
dalawa niyang anak na pinagbintangang magnanakaw. Gayon lamang ang hiya ni Sisa
nang dalawang oras siyang makulong sa kwartel ng mga sundalo. Pinalaya naman
siya ng alperes pagka't pakana lamang daw ng kura ang pagsusuplong kay Sisa.
Maraming pangyayaring pinatindi ng pagkakakita ni Sisa sa duguang kapirasong
damit ni Basilio – ang siyang nagging dahilan ng kanyang tuluyang pagkabaliw.</span></span></span><br />
<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span>Dumating na sa San Diego sina Maria Clara at Tiya Isabel.
Halos magkapasabay na pumunta sa bahay ng dalaga sina Ibarra at padre Salvi.
Gayunpaman ay nagbatian ang dalawa. Inanyayahan ni Ibarra si Salvi sa piknik na
gagawin sa gubat ng mga magkakaibigang binata at dalaga sa San Diego. Tinanggap ng pari ang paanyaya.
Nagmamadaling nagpaalam si Ibarra sa kasintahan upang ihanda ang mga kailangan
sa piknik. Sa daan ay isang lalaki ang kumausap sa kanya. Natupad ang
kahilingan ni Maria Clara kay Ibarra na magpapiknik sa kanilang mga kaibigan.
Dalawang bangkang malaki ang pinangayan ni Ibarra. Ang mga ito ang ginamit
nilang magkasama sa pangingisda ng kanilang pananghalian at sa pagtawid sa lawa
patungo sa gubat na pagpipiknikan. Ang kasayahan ng magkakaibigan ay
pinalungkot sandali ng inawit ni Maria Clara. Nabahiran din iyon ng pangamba
nang pumasok sa baklad na unang pinangisdaan ang isang buwaya. Sa nasabing
sitwasyon ay iniligtas sa kapahamakan ni Ibarra ang pilotong sumasagwan ng
bangka ng kanilang sinasakyan. Sa gubat idinaos ang masaganang pananghalian na
inihanda ni Crisostomo Ibarra para sa mga panauhing inanyayahan; sina Padre
Salvi at ang alperes o tenyente ng guardia civil. Nagturu-turuan sa pananagutan
ang dalawang batang sakristan. Namagitan sa kanila si Ibarra nang hindi na
lumala pa ang pagkakakitan ng dalawa. Kinaawaan ng mga nagsisipagpiknik si Sisa
na nakarating sa gubat sa pagpapalabuy-laboy. Binalak ni Ibarra na ipagamot si
Sisa at ipahanap ang dalawang anak niyon. Sa pagtatapos ng piknik ay dumating
naman ang sarhento ng mg guardia civil. Hinanap nila ang piloto na Elias ang
pangalan dahil sa pagkakagulpi niyon kay Padre Damaso at dahil din sa
pagkakahulog ng tenyente sa luba na puno ng putik.</span></span></span><br />
<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span>Isang kubo sa tabi ng batis ang tinungo ni
Elias, o piloto, pagpanggaling niya sa piknik. Ang kaibigan niyang dalaga, si
Salome, ang naninirahang mag-isa sa nasabing kubo. Hindi malubos ang
pag-iibigan ng dalawa dahil sa kahirapan nila ni Salome ang kanilang magiging
anak, kaya’t hindi niya pinigilan ang dalaga sa balak niyang paglayo upang manirahan
sa mga kamag-anak niya sa Mindoro.</span></span></span><br />
<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span>Sinadya ni Crisostomo Ibarra ang bahay ni
Pilosopong Tasyo upang humingi ng payo tungkol sa balak niyang pagtatayo ng
paaralan sa San Diego.
Unang ipinayo ni Pilosopong Tasyo ang paglapit ni Ibarra sa kura upang isanguni
ang plano.
Bukod ditto kailangan paring sumangguni ang binata sa iba pang makapangyarihan
sa bayan. Sa simula’y tinutulan ni Ibarra ang gayong mga payo. Ikinatwiran
niyang mabuti ang kanyang layunin kaya’t tiyak na magtatagumpay sa tulong ng
ilang matitinong tao sa bayan. Ipinaalaala ni Pilosopong Tasyo kay Ibarra na
hindi maaaring makibagay sa pari at iba pang makapangyarihan ang binata,
ipinayo ni Pilosopong Tasyo na isaisantabi na muna iyon ang balak sa
pagpapatayo ng paaralan. Abala ang lahat sa paghahanda para sa pista ng San Diego. Natatangiang
mga pagkain ang inihanda sa malalaki at maliliit mang bahay. Ang kasiglahan ay
higit na kapansin-pansi sa mga lansangan sinabitan ng mga papel na iba-iba ang
kulay at pinaparadahan ng mga banda ng musiko. Bukod sa paghahanda ng mga
pagkain ay naghahanda rin pa sa isang malakasang sugalan ang mayayaman. Tila
tampok ng pista ang pagsisimula ng paggawa para sa ipinatayong paaralan ni
Crisostomo Ibarra. Gayon na lamang ang paghanga ng marami sa binata dahil sa
kapakipakinabang na proyekto niyon. Tanging si pilosopong tasyo ang hindi
malubos ang kasiyahan gawa ng kung anong pangitain niya. Kagabihan ng bisperas
ng pista sa San Diego
ang kagandahan ng dalaga. Tumingkad ang gayong kagandahan dahil sa anyang taglay na kabaitan
at kagandahang-loob. Pinaunayan ito ng iba’t ibang mga pangyayaring naganap sa
kanilang pamamasyal.</span></span></span><br />
<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span>Tungol sa sulat ng kabanata 29. Dalawa sa
nasabing sulat ang nagbabalita at naglalarawan ng maulay na selebrasyon para sa
pista ng San Diego
gayong bispeas pa lamang. Makikita ang mga kapintasan ng mga Pilipino sa gayong
paglalarawan. Ang isa ang isa pang sulat para kay Ibarra na mula kay Maria
Clara. Punong ng pag-aalaala at hinampo ang sulat ng dalaga. Araw ng pista sa San Diego. Masasasihan ang
iba-ibang bagay na ginanap bilang selebrasyon sa pista. Mga bagay na sa palagay
ni Pilosopong tasyo ang mga pagmamalabis na lalo lamang nagpapahirap sa bayan,
ngunit taun-taon ay pilit na ipinagagawa sa mga Pilipino para mapagtakpan ang
paghihirap ng bayan. Ni walang naipasok na pagbabago ang isang pinunong
Pilipino ng tulad ni Don Filipo, pagkat halimbawa siya ng mga pinunong
dinidiktahan ng mga dayuhan.</span></span></span><br />
<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span>Nasa loob na nga simbahan ang mga mamamayan
ng San Diego…ang
mayayaman at mahihirap, ang pinunong bayan at magbubukid. Masikip sa loob ng
simbahan kaya’t sarisaring dama sa buhay ng tao ang mapapanood. Saisari rin ang
maraamdaman. Si padre Salvia ng nagmisa at naging kapuna-puna ang madalas sa
pagkawala niya sa tono ng kanyang binigkas at kinakanta. Sa Maraming pangyayari
ay naipamalas ni Dr. Jose Rizal ang kanyang humor sa pagsulat. Punong-puno ng
mga tao ang simbahan ng San Diego.
Maganda ang simula ng sermon ni Padre Damaso. Hinangaan ng marami ang sermon
lalo na ng mga paring naunang nagsermon. Naga-alaala ang mga iyon na mahigitan
ni Padre Damaso sa pagsesermon. Ngunit mga “barbaro” tuloy sila sa paningin
niyon. Lumalabas na tila nasang ang buong umaga ni Padre Damaso sa pagsesermon.
Isang lalaking may maputlang mukha ang nagprisenta sa namamahala ng pagpapatayo
ng paaralan. Naprisinta siyang magtayo ng panghugos na gagamitin sa sermonya sa
paglalagay ng pulok na bato sa itatayong paaalan sa San Diego. Mukhang namang matibay at matatag
ang itinayo niyang paghugos. Ngunit sa hinda malamang dahilan ay bigla iyong
nagiba at bumagsak nang si Ibarra na ang nasa huay sa katapat ng panghugos.
Kataka-taka in gang lalaking nagtayo nh panghugos ang nabagsakan niyon, athindi
si Ibarra. Dumalaw sa tahanan si Ibarra si Elias. Muli niyang pinaalalahanan
ang binatang mag-ingat sa mga kaaway niyon. Sa pag-uusap nina Elias at Ibarra
ay pinagtakpan nitong huli. Ang matatayog ng mga aisipang ipinahayag ng kahaap.
Naunawaan ni Ibarra na lalong tumindi ang pananalig ni Elias sa Diyos nang
mawalan iyon ng tiwala sa tao. Subalit ninais niyang maligtas sa kapahamakan si
Ibarra para sa kapakanan ng bayan. Maayos ang simula ng handaan. Sagana sa
pagkain. Masigla ang lahat. Pinasuan ng munting pag-aalala ang ilang
makapangyarihan sa pagdating ng telegramang mula sa gobernado-heneral. Gayon pa
man ay nagpatuloy ang kasiglahan, subalit muling nauntol sa pagdating ni Padre
Damaso. Dinugtungan niyon ang mga pagpaparungit na sinimulan sa anyang sermon sa simbahan.
Nang banggitin niyang muli ang tunkol sa alaala ni Don Rafael Ibarra ay hindi
na nakapagpigil si Cisostomo Ibara. Galit nag alit na hinarap ng binata ang
pari.</span></span></span><br />
<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span>Kumalat ang balita tungkol sa nangyari kina
Ibarra at Padre Damaso sa handaan. Bawat grupo ng mamamayan ng San Diego ay iba ang
nagging palagay sa dapat o hinda dapat ginawa ni Ibarra at ng pari. Bawat isa’y
humuhula rin sa iba pang mangyayari dahil sa naganap sa dalawa. Ang mahihiap na
magbubukid ang higit na nalulungot at nag-aalaala dahil sa maaaring hindi na
matuloy ang pagpapatayo ng paaralan. Hindi na rin maaaring makapag-aaaral ang
anilang mga anak. Pati sina Kapitan tiyago at Maria Claa ay napasama o
naapektuhan sa nangyai kina Padre Damaso at Ibarra. Naeksumulgado si Ibarra.
Pinagbilin naman si Kapitan tiyago na putulin ang relasyon niyon kay Ibara at
iurong na ang kasal nina Maria Clara at Ibarra. Iniluluha ni Maria Clara ang
nanganganib na pag-iibigan nila ng binat. Pinopoblema naman ni Kapitan Tiyago
ang malaking halagang utang niya kay Ibarra na kailangang bayaran niya kaagad
kung puputulinniya nag elasyon sa sana’y mamanugangin niya.</span></span></span><br />
<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span>Dumating ang goberndor-heneral sa San Diego. Maraming
humarap sa kanya upang magbigay-galang. Isa na rito si Ibara na sadya niyang
bayan at sa mga makabgong ideya nito sa pamamalakad sa bayan. Hinangad niyang
matulungan ang binat, ngunit sinabi niyang maaaring hindi niya iyon laging
magagawa. Inakit niyang manirahan si Ibarra sa Espanya sapagkat nanghihinayang
siya sa binata.</span></span></span><br />
<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span>Hindi naipagsaya sa araw ng kapistahan ng San Diego si Donya
Consolacion. Pinagbawalan siyang magsimba ng kanyang asawa dsa ikinahihiya siya
niyon. Nag-iisa sa kanilang bahay si Donya Consolacion habang nagsasaya ang
karamihan sa mga mamamayan, kaya’t si Sisa ang napagbalingan niya at
pinaglupitan.</span></span></span><br />
<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span>Isa pang pagdidiriwang para sa kapistahan ng San Diego ang ginanap sa
plasa. Ito’y ang pagtatahanghal ng stage show. Sarisaring kilos at katangian ng
iba-ibang uri ng tao ang maoobserbahan sa dulaan. Maaming tao ang naligalig
ngunit iba-iba ang dahilan ng kanilang pagkakabalisa. Kaya’t ang magarbong
pagdiriwang ay nagwakas sa kaguluhan. Hindi makatulog si Ibarra dahil sa
iba-ibang isipinag gumugulo sa kanya kaya’t inumaga siya sa pagtitimpla ng kung
anu-anong kemikal sa kanyang aklatan. Naabala siya sa pagdating ni Elias na
nagbabalita sa kanya ng patungo nito sa Batangas at pagkakasait ni Maria Clara.
Buong pusong pinasalamatan ni Ibarra si Elias sa pagiging maalalahanin niyon.
Kabaligtaran ng gayong kilos ang ipinamalas niya sa ikalawang panauhin dahil sa
nahalata niyang pangunguwarta niyon. Malungkot noon sa bahay ni Kapitan Tiyago
sapagkat may sakit si Maria Clara. Dahil dito ay naipatawag si Dr. Tibucio de
Espadaña, na asawa ni Donya Victorina, upang siyang tumingin kay may Maria
Clara. Naging magasawa ni Don Tibucio at Donya Victorina pagkat natugunan ng
bawat isa sa kanila ang magkaiba nilang mahigpit na pangngailangan. Mahuhulaan
nang hindi kasiya-siya ang kanilang pagsasama dahil sa nasabing dahilan ng
pagkakasal nila sa isa’t isa. Isang bagong tauhan ang nakilala sa kabanatang
ito… si Alfonso Linares na inaanak ng bayaw ni Padre Damaso. Naging
administrado sana
siya ng mga ari-arian ni Donya Victorina ung totoo lamnag ang inamalita niyong
pagdadalantao.</span></span></span><br />
<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span>Labis na ikinalungkot ni Padre Damaso ang
pagkakasakit ni Maria Clara. Nahalata ng mga taong nakapaligid sa kanyang
pagkabalisa. Tila nalibang lamang siay nang aunti nang ipakilala sa kanya ni
Donya Victorina ang binatang Kastilang si Alfonso Linares. Waring nag-iisip si
Pade Damaso nang makilala niya ang inaanak ng kanyang bayaw na ipinagbilin sa
kanya sa sulat nito. Samantala, takangtaka si Lucas nang sigawan siya at
ipagtabuyan ni Padre Salvi nang ibinalita niya rito ang pagbibigay sa kanya ni
Ibara ng limadaang pisong bayad-pinsala. Nabiant si Maria Claa pagkatapos
makapangumpisal at iba- iba ang hatol ng mga taong nakapaligid sa kanya
inihanda ni Tiya Isaabel si Maria Clara sa isang mabuting pangungumpisal na
muli. Siyang-siya si Tiya Isabel sa naitang pagluha ng dalaga pangkat
nangangahulugan iyon ng pagsisisi ayon sa kanya.</span></span></span><br />
<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span>Isang matandang lalaking dating kumupkop kay
Elias ang kasalukuyang nagtatago sa mga abundukan sapagkat siya ay nagging
rebelde laban sa pamahalaang Kastila. Natagpuan siya ni Elias sa kanyang
pinagtataguan at pinakiusapang magbagong-buhay. Ipinaliwanag ni Elias na may
mapakikiusapan siyang isang mayamang binata para maging tagpagsalita nila sa
Cortes sa Espanya tungkol sa mga karaingan ng mga mamamayang naaapi sa
Pilipinas tulad ng matandang lalai, Tandang Pablo. Pinagduduhan ni Tandang
Pablo kung papanigan ang mga naapi ng binata sapagkat iyon ay mayaman, at ang
mga mayayaman ay walang hangarin kundi ang lalong magpayaman. Ang sabong ay
bahagi na ng kultura ng mga Pilipino. Sa sugal na ito ay makiita ang katangain
at kapintasan ng mamamayang Pilipino. Hindi lang paglilibangan ang nagaganap sa
sabungan. Makikita rin na isang pook tiong panangyayarihan ng iba-ibang klase
ng pandaraya at pakana. Para itong baying
kaikitaan ng mga taong nagsasamantala at pinagsamantalahan.</span></span></span><br />
<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span>Namasyal sina Donya Victorina at Don Tiburcio
sa mga hayag na lansangan ng San Diego.
Nakakahawak pa ang donya sa asawa at may pagyayabang na mababakas sa kanyang
anyo. Kay, gayon na lamang ang kanyang pagkainis nang hindi siya pansinin ng
mga taong nakasalubong, lalo na nga ng omandante. Nagyaya na tuloy siyang
umuwi. Nag-away sila ni Donya Consolacion nang mapatapat silang mag-asawa sa
bahay ng komandante. Dahil sa nangyayaring pagkampi ng komandante kay Donya
Consolacion ay pinagbantaan ni Donya Victorina si Linaes na ibubunyag niya ang
lihim ng binat apag hindi niyon hinamon ng duwelo ang komandante. Dumating na
muli sa San Diego
si Ibarra pagkatapos ng ilang araw na pag-aasikaso sa kanyang kaso. Napatawad
siya sa pagkaeskandalo ng mismong arsobispo. Kaagad niyang dinalaw si Maria
upang ibailta iyon. Ngunit tila may namagitang hindi pagkakaunawaan sa dalawa
dahil sa dinatnan ni Ibarra si Linares sa bahay ni Kapitan Tiyago. Samantala,
nagtaka si Ibarra nang Makita niyang nagtatrabaho si elias kay Maestor Juan
gayong wala iyon sa talaan ng mga manggagawa.</span></span></span><br />
<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span>Dumating si Ibarra sa tipanan nila ni Elias.
Habang namamangang patungo sa kabilang bayan ay sinabi ni Elias kay Ibara ang
mga karaingan ng mga manghihimagsik. Inakala ni Elias na makatulong si Ibaa sa
pagpapaating sa nasbing mga kanilang palagay ni Ibara tungol sa guardia civil at
oporasyong ng mga prayle. Matapos na maibulalas ni Elias ang kasaysayan ng
kanyang angkan. Nagulumihan si Ibarra sa kanyang nairinig na alupitan ng tao sa
kapwa tao. Hiniling ni Elias kay Ibarra na manguna iyon sa pagpapaating ng mga
karaingan ng mamamayan sa pamahalaang Kastila sa Espanya upnag magkaroon ng
pagbabago sa pamamalakad ng pamahalaang sa Pilipinas. Tumanggi si Ibarra sa
pag-aakalang hindi pa napapanahon ang gayong kahilingan. Ipinasya ni Elias na
tupain ang ipinangao niya ay Kapitan Pablo.</span></span></span><br />
<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span>May mga nagbagong-kilos sa ilan sa mga tauhan
sa nobelang ito. Hindi pa matukoy ang dahilan ng ilan din sa mga pagbabagong
ito, lalo na ang may kinalaman kina Maria Clara at Padre Salvi. Ngunit
kapu-punang hindi nakabubuti para kay Maria Clara ang mahiwagang nangyari sa
kanya. Palihim na nagtungo si Lucas sa sementeryo upang katagpuin ang ilan pang
lalaki. Pinagbilinan ni Lucas ang mga iyon sa dapat isigaw sa paglusob sa
kuwartel at sa kumbento. Sinundan ni Elias si Lucas, at inalam niya ang dahilan
ng pagtatapu-tagpo sa sementeryo. Ngunit napilitan siyang iwang mag-isa doon si
Lucas nang makaharap na sila sapagkat natalo siya sa suhal sa baraha.</span></span></span><br />
<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span>Pinagtatalunan ng mga manang sa San Diego ang bilang ng
kandilang may sinding kanilang nakita o kunwari’y nakita nagdaang gabi. Iba-iba
rin pakuhulugan ang kanilang ibinigay sa gayong pangyayari. Samantala ay hindi
ang mga kaluluwa sa purgatoryo ang paksa ng usapan nina pilosopong Tasyo at Don
Filipo, kundi ang pag-unlad na sinasang-ayunan ng mga Heswita at hinahangaan sa
Pilipinas, bagama’t tatlong –daan taon na itong luma sa mga bansa sa Europa.
Ayon kay padre Salvi ay natuklasan niya sa pamamagitan ng isang babaeng
nangumpisal sa kanya ang isang malaking sanwatan laban sa pamahalaan at
simbahan. Pinuntahan ng kura ang komandante at isinumbong niya ang kanyang
natuklasan. Pinagpayuhan niyang magiangat at mahinahon sa pamaraan ang puno ng
guardia civil para madakip at mapagsalita ang mga may-pakana. Naghiwalay ang
dalawang makapangyarihan na kapwa umaasa sa tatamuhing pag-asenso sa tungkulin
at parangal. Samantala, natuklasan naman ni Elias ang pangalan ng taong siyang
ugat ng lahat ng kasawian ng kanyang mga kaanak.</span></span></span><br />
<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span>Dumalaw si Ibarra kay Maria Clara
kinagabihan. Ngunit papasok pa lamang siya sa bulwagan ay umalingawngaw na ang
sunod-sunod ng mga putukan mula sa kabayanan. Takot at kalituhan ang naghari sa
mga nasa tahanan ni Kapitan Tiyago, matangi kay Ibarra. Nanaog siyang
natitigilan. Nang makabalik siya sa kanyang bahay ay naghanda siyang para sa
pag-alis, subalit inabutan siya ng mga papeles ni Ibarra, pagkat sinunog ni
Elias ang kanyang bahay. Hindi iilang pala-palgay o sabi sabi tungkol sa
naganap na tungkol sa putukan ang kumalat sa kabayanan kinaumagahan. Inilantad
ng gayong pangyayari ang kalikasan ng pagkatao ng mamamayan. Mapupunanag walang
nagging mabuting palagay sa nangyari. Ang isa pang napapabalita ay tungkol sa
nagbigting lalaking may pilat sa bakurang malapit kina Sister Pute. Isang
nag-anyong magbubukid ang napansing nangingilala sa nagbigting lalaki. Siya si
Elias na nagtungo rin sa kumbento at nagpamisa. Sinabi niya sa sacristan mayor
na ang nasabing pamisa ay para sa isang malapit nang mamatay.</span></span></span><br />
<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span>Dalawa sa mga lumusob sa kwartel ang nahuli
nang buhay. Sinikap ng komandante/alperes na imbestigahin sina tarsilio at
Andong. Ipinaghihigante lamang ni tarsilio ang kanyang amang pinatay sa palo ng
gwardia civil. Wala nang ano mang pahayag na nakuha si tarsilio kahit na nang
timbain siya hanggang sa mamatay. Si Andong na nagkataong nanabihan sa bakuran
ng kwartel dahil sa inabot ng sakit na tiyan ay pinalo at ipinakulong na muli
ng komandante. Inilabas sa kulungan ng munisipyo ang mga bilanggo upang dalhin
sa ulumbuyan. Walang malamang gawin ang kaanak ng bilanggo para makalya ang mga
iyon. Tanging kay Ibarra lamng walang nagmalasakit nang nang gayon. Sa halip ay
inulan siya ng mga bato’t dumi ng kaanak ng mga bilanggo. Isinisisi sa kanya
ang lahat ng nangyaring mga kapahamakan. Nakarating sa Maynila ang nangyaring
kaguluhan sa San Diego
na marami at iba-iba na ang bersyon. Naging tampulan ng pamumuna ang mga tauhan
sa pangyayari. Nangunguna rito sina padre Salvi at Ibarra. Marami ring
ipinaaalam na kalagayan sa mamamayang Pilipino noon ang nangyari kay kapitan
Tinong. Mahuhulaang inggit sa kapwa at hindi lagging ang tunay na dahilan ang
ikinapapahamak ng tao. Kadalsan ding ang inaakalang walang magagawang pinsala
ay siyang nakapagpapahamak sa kapwa.</span></span></span><br />
<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span>Ipakakasal ni Kapitan Tiyago si Maria Clara
kay Liñares, isang kamag-anak ni Padre Damaso, upang makatiyak siya ng tahimik
na pamumuhay. Dahil dito’y nagging paksa ng tsimis ang dalga. Pati si Tenyente
Guevarra ay naghinala sa kanya. Ipaliwanag ni Maria Clara kay Ibarra ang tunay
na mga pangyayari na siyang dahilan ng paglalayo nilang magkasintahan.
Nagpatuloy sa pagtakas si Ibarra sa tulong ni Elias. Ipinayo ni Elias sa kasama
na mangibang bansa na. Ngunit may ibang balak si Ibarra. Nais niyang
makpaghihiganti sa mga taong nagsadlak sa kanya sa bilangguan at sa mga humamak
sa kanyang kapitan. Hindi sinag-ayunan ni Elias ang gayong balak sapagkat
maraming walang-malay ang maaaring madamay. Ipinasiya ni Ibarra ng ituloy ang
nasabing balak na hindi kasama si Elias. Nagpahatid siya sa bundok, pero
natuklasan na ang kanyang pagtakas at itinugis sila ng patruya at isa pang bangkang
lulan ang mga guardia civil. Tumalon sa lawa si Elias at nagpahabol sa mga
tumutugis upang makalayo ang bangkang kinahihigaan ni Ibarra.</span></span></span><br />
<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span>Nabasa ni Maria Clara sa pahayagan ang
balitang napatay si Ibarra sa tungisan sa lawa. Ipinasya niyang huwag nang pakasal
kay Liñares ito’y ipinaalam niya kay Padre Damaso. Minabuti pa ng dalagang
magmongha pagkat wala na siyang pag-asang mangunita man lamang si Ibarra.
Nadama ni Padre Damaso ang bigat ng pakakasalang nagawa niya sa pakikialam sa
pag-iibigan nina Ibarra’t Maria Clara. Ipinagtapat niya sa dalaga ang tunay na
dahilan ng gayon niyang panghihimasok.</span></span></span><br />
<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span>Bisperas ng Pasko. Napasalamat ang batang si
Basilio sa mag-anak na kumupkop sa kanya sa kabundukan. Nagpaalam na rin siya
upang umuwi sa kanila. Nagpag-alaman niyang nabaliw ang kanyang ina at
nagpagala-gala sa bayan ng San Diego.
Hinanap niya iyon at nang magkita sila’y hindi siya kaagad nakilala ni Sisa
kaya’t muli iyong tumakas. Nakarating ang kanyang ina sa gubat. Nang noche
buenang iyon ay isa pang wari’y takas din ang dapat gawin ni Basilio. Iba-ibang
klase ng kasawiang-palad ang naganap sa buhay ng mga tauhan ng nobelang ito.
Tanging ang alperes/komandante ng guardia civil sa San diego ang matagumpay na nagbalik sa
Espanya at gayon din naman si Padre Salvi na nataas ng tungkulin. Sarisaring
balita ang kumalat kay Maria Clara – mga balitang hindi napatunayan pagkat
nilukuban ng maykapal na pader ng monasteryo ng Sta. Clara.</span></span></span><br />
Unknownnoreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8366064709164184367.post-40641560037524703862013-02-28T19:49:00.002-08:002013-02-28T19:52:39.768-08:00Tula: Sandalangin ni Joey A. Arrogante<!--[if gte mso 9]><xml>
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<br />
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Verdana;">Wow! Pare</span></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Verdana;">kaya
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<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Verdana;">Nagdurog
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<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Verdana;">Nang
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<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Verdana;">bumahag
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<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Verdana;">baka kasi
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<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Verdana;">na
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<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Verdana;">pati ako
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<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Verdana;">kaya
inisnab Kita.</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Verdana;">Sori
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<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Verdana;">Patawad!</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Verdana;">Heben,
mulang ikosa Mo ako, <br />
sa pagkaklase ba.<br />
Pero nang magdisaper Ka,<br />
nagkawatak-watak lahat<br />
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Sinira ng pagwawala ko<br />
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kaya sising-alipin ako.<br />
<br />
</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Verdana;">Ang laki
ng naging kapalit<br />
sa binalewala kong pakikisama Mo,<br />
nasugapa lalo ang buhay ko,<br />
nasira pati ulo ko<br />
sa kamalasan,sa problema;<br />
naging demonyo ako,<br />
kaaway ng lahat- </span></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Verdana;">ng bahay,
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Ayoko na!<br />
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<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Verdana;">ng aking
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Ang hirap palang wala Ka!</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Verdana;"><br />
Sori Among!<br />
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<br />
</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Verdana;">Alam kong
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<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Verdana;">ko sa 'Yo.<br />
Alam ko ring walang duda matutukso pa ako<br />
dahil di-mabunot-bunot ang sukal<br />
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kaya nagbabalik-luhod ako Sayo<br />
kahit basag na ang pula ko,<br />
kahit basa na ang papel ko.<br />
<br />
</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Verdana;">Isang
pakiusap </span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Verdana;">pakinggan
Mo sana:<br />
pabawiin Mo naman ako,<br />
minsang tsansa na lang ba?</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Verdana;">itong-ito
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<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Verdana;">kailangang-kailangan
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<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Verdana;">at wala
na akong matatakbuhang iba</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Verdana;">na
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<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Verdana;">na
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<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Verdana;">Ikaw
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<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
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<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Verdana;">Sige na
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<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Verdana;">pagbigyan
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<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Verdana;">para
naman mahulug-hulugan ko </span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Verdana;">ang mga
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<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Verdana;">at sa
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<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Verdana;">Kung
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<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Verdana;">para
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<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Verdana;">pulbusin
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<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Verdana;">nang
maisuka ko na rin</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Verdana;">ang lason
sa katawan kong ito.</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Verdana;">Maawa Ka
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<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Verdana;">tulungan
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<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Verdana;">pagalingin
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<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Verdana;">baguhin
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<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Verdana;">ang
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<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Verdana;">pakialis
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<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Verdana;">kahit
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<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Verdana;">makalakad
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<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Verdana;">Maawa Ka
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<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Verdana;">Tanggapn</span><span style="font-family: Verdana;"> Mo</span><span style="font-family: Verdana;"> uli ako kahit di nakakosa,</span></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Verdana;">Maski
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<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Verdana;">Sige na
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<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Verdana;">Ibigay mo
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<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Verdana;">at
hahanapin ko ang bahay Mo</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Verdana;">at oras
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<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Verdana;">ipinangangako
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<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Verdana;">Sasambahin
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<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Verdana;">Susundin
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<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Verdana;">Dito sa
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<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Verdana;">Patawad
Diyos ko!</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
Unknownnoreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8366064709164184367.post-61173826058907245292013-02-28T19:46:00.003-08:002013-02-28T19:52:07.806-08:00Three (3) Fables: The Dogs and the Deer, The Ant and the Bird, The Fox and the Grapes<!--[if gte mso 9]><xml>
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<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><b>THE DOGS AND THE DEER</b></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-size: small;"><b>THE ANT AND THE BIRD</b></span></span></div>
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<br />
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<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-size: small;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">THE FOX AND THE GRAPES</b></span></span></div>
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-size: small;">
</span></span><br />
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-size: small;"><br /></span></span></div>
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-size: small;">
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A fox was walking through an orchard when he felt thirsty.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
Looking around, he saw a bunch of ripe grapes hanging from a
vine above him. Those grapes are what he needed to quench his thirst.</div>
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He jumped to reach the bunch, but he failed. It was much
higher than he thought.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
He repeatedly jumped but still could not reach the bunch.
This time, the fox was not only thirsty but very tired as well. He decided to
give up and went away murmuring: “Im sure those grapes are sour.”</div>
</span> </span>Unknownnoreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8366064709164184367.post-83479761220024955682013-02-28T19:37:00.001-08:002013-02-28T19:37:58.085-08:00Science Terms and Definitions<!--[if gte mso 9]><xml>
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<br />
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: 10.0pt;">Adenosine triphosphate (ATP)
– A compound made up of adenine (a nitrogen-containing compound) bonded to
ribose (a five-carbon sugar) and three phosphate groups</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: 10.0pt;">Anabolism – A process that
living things undergo to synthesize new products</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: 10.0pt;">Binary fission – A process
wherein unicellular organisms reproduce by splitting into two genetically
identical cells</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: 10.0pt;">Binomial nomenclature – A
system of naming organisms such that scientific names using the genus and the
species names are assigned to each organism</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: 10.0pt;">Biome – A large community
unit that comprises a distinctive natural ecosystem in a particular region</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: 10.0pt;">Biosphere – The thin layer on
Earth’s surface and the only place in the Solar System where we know life can
exist</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: 10.0pt;">Catabolism – A process
wherein living things break down food into simpler forms to release the stored
energy</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: 10.0pt;">Cell cycle – The continuous
process of cell division and growth</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: 10.0pt;">Cellular respiration – The
release of energy from the breakdown of food molecules (sugars) in the presence
of oxygen</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: 10.0pt;">Chromatids – Referred to as
sister chromatids because they are identical copies due to DNA replication in
the S phase of the cell cycle</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: 10.0pt;">Commensalism – A type of
symbiotic relationship wherein one organism benefits from the other without
causing harm</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: 10.0pt;">Decomposers – The organisms
that act on the remains and excretions of all organisms and reduce these to
simplest forms so that they can be reused</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: 10.0pt;">Diffusion – A process wherein
molecules of a substance move from an area of higher concentration to areas of
lower concentration</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: 10.0pt;">Ecological efficiency –
Refers to the percentage amount of energy transferred from one trophic level to
the next</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: 10.0pt;">Ecosystem – A community of
organisms interacting with their physical environment </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: 10.0pt;">Eutrophication – A condition
wherein nutrients exceed the actual amount needed, resulting in an imbalance in
nature</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: 10.0pt;">Evolutionary adaptation –
Refers to the traits an organism possesses as a consequence of environmental
conditions</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: 10.0pt;">Evolution – All the changes
that have transformed living things on Earth from the simplest life-forms to
the diverse organisms that exist today</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: 10.0pt;">Fermentation – A chemical
reaction wherein carbohydrates are degraded into alcohol or acids using oxygen</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: 10.0pt;">Food chain – A process of
eating and being eaten through which energy (abiotic factor) is passed on from
one organism (biotic factor) to another</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: 10.0pt;">Fossils – Any preserved parts
or traces of an organism that once lived</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: 10.0pt;">Genes – The units of
hereditary information</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: 10.0pt;">Filtrate – The liquid that
passes through the filter</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: 10.0pt;">Filtration – The process of
separating a mixture composed of a solid and a liquid</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: 10.0pt;">Functional groups – Groups of
atoms attached to carbon chains which are responsible for many of the
characteristics of organic compounds</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: 10.0pt;">Gay Lussac’s Law – The law
that states that the volume of gases used or produced in a chemical reaction
can be expressed in ratios of small whole numbers under the same temperature
and pressure</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: 10.0pt;">Graham’s Law of Diffusion –
The law that states that the rates of diffusion of gases are inversely
proportional to the square roots of their masses under constant temperature</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: 10.0pt;">Ground state – A stationary
energy level normally occupied by electrons of relatively low energy level</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: 10.0pt;">Half-life – The length of
time required fro a radioactive substance to decay to one-half of its original
mass</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: 10.0pt;">Heterogeneous mixtures –
Those that have two or more phases with definite boundaries</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: 10.0pt;">Homogeneous mixtures – Those
that have the same properties throughout the system and show only one phase </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: 10.0pt;">Hydrogen bond – A bond formed
between a hydrogen atom of one molecule and an electronegative atom of another
molecule</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: 10.0pt;">Hygroscopic substance – A
substance that readily absorbs moisture</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: 10.0pt;">Indicator – A substance which
changes to a characteristic color in a reaction to the presence of a different
substance</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: 10.0pt;">Ineffective collisions –
Collisions that do not result in a chemical reaction</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: 10.0pt;">Inhibitors – Substances that
interfere with the action of catalysts</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: 10.0pt;">Intermolecular forces of
attraction – Much weaker forces that can hold molecules together and are
responsible for the changes that occur in materials</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: 10.0pt;">Ionic bond – an electrostatic
attraction between differently charged ions, cations and anions which involves
a transfer of electrons from one atom to another</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: 10.0pt;">Ionization energy – The
energy added to an atom to remove an outermost electron to form an ion</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: 10.0pt;">Ions – Atoms or a group of
atoms carrying a charge</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: 10.0pt;">Isomer – A compound with the
same molecular formula as another compound but with different structural
formula</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: 10.0pt;">Isotopes – Atoms of the same
element that have different atomic masses but of the same atomic number</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: 10.0pt;">Nature and behavior of gases
– are influences by four quantities: pressure, temperature, volume and number
of particles.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: 10.0pt;">Pressure – is the force
exerted per unit area of a surface</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: 10.0pt;">Temperature – is the measure
of the average kinetic energy possessed by a body</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: 10.0pt;">Volume – is the amount of
space an object occupies</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: 10.0pt;">Molecular Mass – is another
factor that affects the rate of diffusion</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: 10.0pt;">Graham’s Law of Diffusion –
states that the rate of diffusion of gases is inversely proportional to the
square root of their masses under constant temperature</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: 10.0pt;">Boyle’s Law – states that at
constant temperature, the volume of a gas is inversely proportional to the
pressure</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: 10.0pt;">Avogadro’s Principle – states
that at the same temperature and pressure, all gases that have the same volume
have the same number of particles</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: 10.0pt;">Dalton</span><span style="font-size: 10.0pt;">’s Law of Partial Pressures – states that the total
pressure of a mixture of gases is equal to the sum of the partial (individual)
pressures of the component gases.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: 10.0pt;">The Ideal Gas Law – is the
combination of three special gas laws, namely Avogadro’s Boyle’s and Charles’
laws</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: 10.0pt;">Gases – are involved in such
biological processes as photosynthesis and respiration.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: 10.0pt;">Extrinsic property – is that
which changes when the amount of material undergoes change. Examples of this
property are mass, length and volume.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: 10.0pt;">Intrinsic property – does not
depend on the size or amount of the substance. Examples of this property are
temperature, color, odor, hardness, density, melting and boiling point and
molecular weight.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: 10.0pt;">Homogeneous mixtures – have
the same properties throughout the system and show only one phase. A solution
is a homogeneous mixture. It is composed of a solute and solvent with uniform
appearance.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: 10.0pt;">Heterogeneous mixtures – shows
two or more phases with definite boundaries. Suspensions are heterogeneous
mixtures with undissolved particles in a liquid that tend to settle. Colloids
are composed of particles that are suspended in the liquid. These particles
scatter light.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: 10.0pt;">Pure substances – cannot be
broken down into simpler substances. They have a homogeneous or uniform
appearance and composition. A substance may be an element or a compound.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: 10.0pt;">Element – is the simplest
form of matter and cannot be broken down or separated further even by chemical
means.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: 10.0pt;">Compound – is a chemical
combination of two or more elements. It can be separated only by chemical
means.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: 10.0pt;">Metals – are elements that
possesses metallic luster. They are good heat and electrical conductors. They
are ductile and malleable object.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: 10.0pt;">Organic compounds – are
compounds that contain carbon while inorganic compounds are those containing no
carbon.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: 10.0pt;">Acids – are compounds that
release hydrogen ions (H+) when dissolved in water. They have a sour taste and
may be corrosive. They change blue litmus paper to red.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: 10.0pt;">Bases – are compounds that
release hydroxide (OH-)
ions when dissolved in water. They have a characteristic bitter taste and are
slippery to the touch. They turn red litmus paper to blue.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: 10.0pt;">Salts – are compounds
produced by neutralization</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: 10.0pt;">Compounds – are generally
classified as organic and inorganic</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: 10.0pt;">Nonpolar bond – a bond where
the electric charges are uniformly distributed</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: 10.0pt;">Nucleic acids – large
molecules of biological systems which perform the essential functions of storage
and transmission of genetic information the collective name for protons and
neutrons</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: 10.0pt;">Nucleons – the collective
name for protons and neutrons</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: 10.0pt;">Octet rule – a rule which
states the tendency of most atoms to have eight electrons in their valence
shell during the formation of bonds</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: 10.0pt;">Oxidation – the loss of
electrons by a substance or the increase in its oxidation number</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: 10.0pt;">Peptide bond – a special case
of an amide bond formed between an amino group of one acid and the carboxyl
group of a second amino acid an instrument used to measure the concentration of
hydrogen or hydroxide ions</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: 10.0pt;">pH meter – an instrument used
to measure the concentration of hydrogen or hydroxide ions</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: 10.0pt;">Polar bond – a bond wherein
the electric charges are unevenly distributed and is formed when atoms of
different electronegativities bond with each other</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: 10.0pt;">Polymers – giant molecules
consisting of repeating structural units</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: 10.0pt;">Precision – the degree of
agreement between different measurements obtained under the same conditions</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: 10.0pt;">Proton – a positively charged
subatomic particle</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: 10.0pt;">Pyrolysis – the decomposition
of a compound by the action of the heat alone in the absence of O2.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: 10.0pt;">Quark theory – the theory
that states that leptons and quarks are the fundamental particles and not the
electron, protons and neutron</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: 10.0pt;">Quarks – smaller charged
particles comprising the protons and neutrons</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: 10.0pt;">Radioactivity – the
spontaneous emission of high-energy radiation or high-energy particles from the
nucleus of an atom</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: 10.0pt;">Rancidity – a property
developed by fats and oil left at room temperature in which they develop an
unpleasant odor and flavor</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: 10.0pt;">Reduction – the gain of
electrons by a substance or the decrease in its oxidation number</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: 10.0pt;">Residue – the solid retained
in the filter after filtration</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: 10.0pt;">Scientific notation – a
system of expressing numbers as products consisting of a number between 1 and
10 multiplied by an appropriate power of 10</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: 10.0pt;">Combustion – a rapid
oxidation reaction where heat and flame are given off </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: 10.0pt;">Condensation – the process by
which gas changes into liquid</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: 10.0pt;">Covalent bond – a type of
chemical bond that involves the sharing of electrons</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: 10.0pt;">Crystallization – the process
by which the solvent is allowed to evaporate until the solution becomes
supersaturated</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: 10.0pt;">Decantation – the process of
separating heavy, coarse and insoluble solids from liquids</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: 10.0pt;">Decomposition reaction – a
reaction which involves the breakdown of a compound into two or more substances</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: 10.0pt;">Denaturation – the process by
which hydrogen bonds in proteins are broken, changing the structure and
reactivity without breaking the peptide linkages</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: 10.0pt;">Deposition – the process by
which gas changes into solid</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: 10.0pt;">Dialysis – a method of purifying
colloids wherein substances are separated using semipermeable membrane</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: 10.0pt;">Dipole – partial positively
and negatively charged ends exhibited by a polar molecule</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: 10.0pt;">Dipole-dipole force – the
partial attraction between polar molecules</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: 10.0pt;">Distillation – the process of
separating a mixture composed of volatile components</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: 10.0pt;">DNA – two complementary
strands in which the based are linked side by side with hydrogen bonds and
wound around each other in a double helix</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: 10.0pt;">Double displacement reaction–
a reaction in which two compounds consisting of ions react by exchanging ions</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: 10.0pt;">Ductility – the property of
metals to be drawn into wires</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: 10.0pt;">Effective collisions – collisions
that result in a chemical reaction</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: 10.0pt;">Electron affinity – the
energy released by an atom when an electron is added to it</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: 10.0pt;">Electron dot notation – also
known as the Lewis structures. It is a way of representing valence electrons by
dots placed around the chemical symbol of the element</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: 10.0pt;">Electronegativity – the
tendency of an atom to attract a shared pair of electrons to itself</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: 10.0pt;">Empirical formula – an
expression of the smallest whole number ratio of the numbers of atoms of each
element in a substance</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: 10.0pt;">Emulsifier – a substance that
helps disperse tiny particles of one liquid to another</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: 10.0pt;">Emulsion – a colloid that
contains tiny droplets of liquid dispersed in another liquid</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: 10.0pt;">Endothermic reaction – a
chemical reaction that absorbs energy in the form of light and electricity</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: 10.0pt;">Enthalpy – the heat content
of a substance used in measuring the net of energy change involved during
bond-making and bond-breaking</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: 10.0pt;">Evaporation – the process of
separating a volatile substance from a nonvolatile one </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: 10.0pt;">Exothermic reaction – a
chemical reaction that releases energy in the form of heat, light, electricity
and other forms of energy</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: 10.0pt;">Parasitism – a symbiotic
relationship in which one organism lives at the expense of another</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: 10.0pt;">Pedigree – a record of how a
trait is inherited from generation to generation over several generations</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: 10.0pt;">Photoperiodism – the process
of plants to changing light and dark periods</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: 10.0pt;">Photosynthesis – the process
by which plants use the energy coming from the Sun to produce carbohydrates or
sugars</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: 10.0pt;">Scientific method – the
logical way used by scientists to solve their problems or to answer their
questions</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: 10.0pt;">Serendipity – accidental
discovery</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: 10.0pt;">Species – organisms
possessing similar anatomical characteristics and which are capable of
interbreeding</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: 10.0pt;">Spermatogenesis – starts when
the cell develops into a primary spermatocyte then undergoes the first meiotic
division</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: 10.0pt;">Transgenic organisms –
organisms that have genes transplanted from other animals usually of different
species; products of a technology wherein scientists insert genes into animals
to increase their size and weight</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: 10.0pt;">Taiga – stretches from Canada to Siberia.
This foggy biome is dominated by conifers which include pines, firs and
spruces. These trees are able to withstand extreme cold during winter. Snow is
the form of precipitation in a taiga biome.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: 10.0pt;">Desert – h as an extremely
hot daytime temperature, reaching as high as 60°C. In contrast, it’s freezing
nighttime temperature can drops as low as 5°C. Rainfall is sparse and
evaporation is rapid. Organisms here experience the most drastic temperature
changes. This biome has hot days and cold nights with high winds due to the
absence of water vapor in the air.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 10.0pt;">SOME SPECIFIC SCIENCE OF BIOLOGY</span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: 10.0pt;">Anatomy – the study of the
morphology (form and structure) of organism and their elements</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: 10.0pt;">Bacteriology – the study of
bacteria</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: 10.0pt;">Biochemistry – the study of
the molecules within the cell and the chemistry or the chemical composition of
living things</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: 10.0pt;">Cytology – the study of the
formation, structure, pathology and function of cells</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: 10.0pt;">Embryology – the study of the
formation, early growth and development of organisms </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: 10.0pt;">Entomology – the study of
insects </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: 10.0pt;">Epidemiology – the study of
patterns of diseases within a certain population, determining causes of
diseases and how they spread</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: 10.0pt;">Ethnobotany – the study of
the way plants are identified, classifies and used by various cultures</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: 10.0pt;">Herpetology – the study of
reptiles and amphibians</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: 10.0pt;">Histology – the study of the
minute structures of plant and animal tissues</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: 10.0pt;">Ichthyology – the study of fishes</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: 10.0pt;">Mammalogy – the study of
mammals</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: 10.0pt;">Marine ecology – the study of
the development, function and environment of organisms in the ocean</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: 10.0pt;">Mycology – the study of fungi</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: 10.0pt;">Ornithology – the study of
birds</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: 10.0pt;">Paleontology – the study of
fossils</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: 10.0pt;">Parasitology – the study of
parasitism</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: 10.0pt;">Pathology – the study of the
nature of diseases and their causes, processes, development, functions and
activities of organisms</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: 10.0pt;">Terrestrial ecology – the
study of the structures, development and functions of organisms</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: 10.0pt;">Virology – the study of
viruses and viral disease</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: 10.0pt;">Biomes - are large community
units that comprise a distinctive natural ecosystem in a particular region.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: 10.0pt;">Biosphere – is a collection
of several biomes.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: 10.0pt;">Tropical Rainforest – are
characterized by year-round warm temperature. </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: 10.0pt;">Phylum Labyrinthomorpha – are
aquatic, although some are on land. Organisms of this phylum form colonies of
cells that can move only when surrounded with slime.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: 10.0pt;">Phylum Apicomplexa. All of
the species of this phylum are parasitic. They posses apical complexes to
penetrate host cells.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: 10.0pt;">Phylum Microspora – As the
name implies, the species of this phylum produce small spores during life
cycle.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: 10.0pt;">Phylum Myxomycota – are
cellular slime molds that produces spore through meiosis and develop fruiting bodies
with cell walls.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: 10.0pt;">Phylum Ciliophora – are
ciliated a distinguishing characteristic of this group. </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: 10.0pt;">Phylum Sporozoa – are mostly
parasitic organisms.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: 10.0pt;">Class Chondrichthyes – the
members of this class are fishes with skeletons made up of cartilage, instead
of bones.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: 10.0pt;">Class Osteichthyes – the
members of this class are called bony fishes because their skeletons are made
up of bones.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: 10.0pt;">Johanne Jacob Berzelius –
invented the present system of chemical symbol.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: 10.0pt;">Periodic Table – is the
systematic arrangement of elements according to their atomic number.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: 10.0pt;">John Dalton – set a table of
elements according to their atomic weights.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: 10.0pt;">Dmitri Mendeleev – arranged
the elements in increasing order of atomic mass, leaving gaps for undiscovered
elements. </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: 10.0pt;">Periodic Law – states that
the chemical and physical properties of the elements vary periodically with
increasing atomic number.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: 10.0pt;">Electron affinity – is the
energy released by an atom when an electron is added to it.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: 10.0pt;">Electron negativity – is
relative tendency of an atom to attract electrons to itself.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: 10.0pt;">Periodic properties of
elements – repeat at regular intervals corresponding to their positions in the
periodic table</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: 10.0pt;">Atomic size – increased
within a family due to the addition of energy levels.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: 10.0pt;">Ionization energy – is the energy
required to remove valence electrons in an atom.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
Unknownnoreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8366064709164184367.post-10326718233109084162013-02-28T00:29:00.000-08:002013-02-28T18:07:38.575-08:00Talambuhay ng Apat na Pilipinong Manunulat<!--[if gte mso 9]><xml>
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<![endif]--><span style="font-size: x-small;"><span style="font-family: Arial;"><span style="font-size: large;"><b>NICK JOAQUIN</b></span> </span></span><br />
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<div style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: small;">Si Nicomedes Márquez Joaquín, na
kinikilala ng karamihan bilang Nick
Joaquin, ay isang <a href="http://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=8366064709164184367" title="Mga Pilipino"><span style="color: windowtext; text-decoration: none;">Pilipinong</span></a> manunulat, mananalaysay ng
kasaysayan at mamamahayag at kilala sa pagsusulat ng mga <a href="http://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=8366064709164184367" title="Maikling kuwento"><span style="color: windowtext; text-decoration: none;">maikling
kuwento</span></a> at <a href="http://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=8366064709164184367" title="Nobela"><span style="color: windowtext; text-decoration: none;">nobela</span></a> sa <a href="http://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=8366064709164184367" title="Wikang Inggles"><span style="color: windowtext; text-decoration: none;">wikang Inggles</span></a> pagkatapos ng <a href="http://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=8366064709164184367" title="Ikalawang Digmaang Pandaigdig"><span style="color: windowtext; text-decoration: none;">Ikalawang Digmaang Pandaigdig</span></a>. Dahil sa
maraming karanasan noong panahon ng digmaan, ang paksa ng kanyang mga tula ay iba-iba ukol sa
makatotohanan at buhay na buhay kaya malapit sa karanasan ng mga mambabasa.
Kinikilala rin siyang Quijano de Manila
bilang pangalang-panulat. Siya ay ipinalalagay na isang higante sa larangan ng
pagsusulat. Ang wika ng kanyang panulat ay malambing at masining.</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: small;"><br /></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: small;"><b><span style="font-family: Arial;">TALAMBUHAY</span></b></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: small;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: small;">Isinilang
si Joaquin sa <a href="http://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=8366064709164184367" title="Paco, Maynila"><span style="color: windowtext; text-decoration: none;">Paco</span></a>, <a href="http://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=8366064709164184367" title="Maynila"><span style="color: windowtext; text-decoration: none;">Maynila</span></a>.
Siya ay anak ni Leocadio Joaquín, isang abugado at koronel sa <a href="http://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=8366064709164184367" title="Himagsikang Pilipino"><span style="color: windowtext; text-decoration: none;">Himagsikang Pilipino</span></a> at Salome Marquez.
Hindi nagtapos ng <a href="http://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=8366064709164184367" title="Mataas na paaralan"><span style="color: windowtext; text-decoration: none;">mataas na paaralan</span></a> at naghahanapbuhay nang di
karaniwan sa may baybayin ng Maynila sa kung saan man. Tinuruan sa sarili sa
pamamagitan ng malawakang pagbabasa sa <a href="http://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=8366064709164184367" title="Pambansang Aklatan ng Pilipinas"><span style="color: windowtext; text-decoration: none;">Pambansang Aklatan ng Pilipinas</span></a>
at sa aklatan ng kanyang ama kung saan lumawak ang kanyang hilig sa pagsusulat.
Unang inilathala ang likha ni Joaquin sa bahaging pampanitikan ng <i>Tribune</i>,
isang pahayagang bago sumiklab ang <a href="http://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=8366064709164184367" title="Ikalawang Digmaang Pandaigdig"><span style="color: windowtext; text-decoration: none;">Ikalawang Digmaang Pandaigdig</span></a> sa ilalim ni
<a href="http://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=8366064709164184367" title="Serafin Lanot (hindi pa naisusulat)"><span style="color: windowtext; text-decoration: none;">Serafin Lanot</span></a>, isang
manunulat at patnugot.</span></div>
<span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: small;">Pagkatapos ng pagkapanalo
sa pangmalawakang-bansang paligsahan ng pagsusulat ng sanaysay sa <span style="color: windowtext; text-decoration: none;">La Naval de Manila</span> na
pinamahala ng <a href="http://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=8366064709164184367" title="Orden ng Dominikano (hindi pa naisusulat)"><span style="color: windowtext; text-decoration: none;">Dominikano</span></a>, iginawad ng <span style="color: windowtext; text-decoration: none;">Pamantasan ng Santo Tomas</span> si Joaquin ng
pandangal na Kolega sa Sining (A. A.) at pagpapaaral sa <span style="color: windowtext; text-decoration: none;">Kolehiyo ng St. Albert</span>,
ang monasteryong Dominikano sa <a href="http://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=8366064709164184367" title="Hong Kong"><span style="color: windowtext; text-decoration: none;">Hong Kong</span></a>. Gayumpaman, hindi niya itinuloy
pagkatapos ng halos isang taon. Pagkauwi niya sa Pilipinas, sumanid siya sa <span style="color: windowtext; text-decoration: none;">Philippines Free Press</span>,
nagsimula bilang manunuri sa pagbabasa. Sa katagalan, nakilala siya ukol sa
kanyang mga <a href="http://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=8366064709164184367" title="Tula"><span style="color: windowtext; text-decoration: none;">tula</span></a>,
<a href="http://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=8366064709164184367" title="Kuwento"><span style="color: windowtext; text-decoration: none;">kuwento</span></a>
at <a href="http://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=8366064709164184367" title="Dulaan (hindi pa naisusulat)"><span style="color: windowtext; text-decoration: none;">dulaan</span></a>, ganundin ang kanyang pamamahayag
sa ilalim ng kanyang panulat na pangalang <i>Quijano de Manila</i>. Ang kanyang
pamamahayag sa pagsusulat ay nakatatak nang pangkatalinuhan at mapang-akit,
isang di-nakikilalang uri sa Pilipinas sa panahong iyon, inaangat ang antas ng
pagbabalita sa bansa.</span><br />
<span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: small;">Naglingkod si Joaquin
bilang kasapi ng Lupon ng mga Tagapuna para sa mga Gumagalaw na Larawan sa
ilalim ng <span style="color: windowtext; text-decoration: none;">Pangulong Diosdado Macapagal</span> at <span style="color: windowtext; text-decoration: none;">Pangulong
Ferdinand E. Marcos</span>. Ayon kay <a href="http://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=8366064709164184367" title="Marra PL. Lanot (hindi pa naisusulat)"><span style="color: windowtext; text-decoration: none;">Marra PL. Lanot</span></a>, isang
manunulat, hindi ginagalaw si Joaquin ng <a href="http://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=8366064709164184367" title="Kamay na bakal (hindi pa naisusulat)"><span style="color: windowtext; text-decoration: none;">kamay na bakal</span></a> ni Marcos.
Ang unang hakbang ni Joaquin bilang Pambansang Alagad ng Sining ay maging
panatag sa pagpapalaya ng nakulong na manunulat na si <span style="color: windowtext; text-decoration: none;">Jose F. Lacaba</span>. Sa isang
seremonya sa <a href="http://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=8366064709164184367" title="Bundok Makiling"><span style="color: windowtext; text-decoration: none;">Bundok Makiling</span></a> na pinangunahan ng <a href="http://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=8366064709164184367" title="Unang Ginang ng Pilipinas"><span style="color: windowtext; text-decoration: none;">Unang Ginang</span></a> <span style="color: windowtext; text-decoration: none;">Imelda Marcos</span>,
nagpahayag si Joaquin sa panawagan ng <i><a href="http://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=8366064709164184367" title="Maria Makiling"><span style="color: windowtext; text-decoration: none;">Mariang
Makiling</span></a></i>, isang alamat na dalaga ng bundok. Nadama niya ang
kahalagaan ng kalayaan at ang artista. Bilang bunga, hindi na siya inanyayaahan
na magpahayag ng anumang mga mahahalagang kaganapang pangkultura.</span><br />
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: small;">Sumakabilang-buhay
si Joaquin dahil sa <span style="color: windowtext; text-decoration: none;">atake sa puso</span> sa umaga ng <span style="color: windowtext; text-decoration: none;">Abril 29</span>,
<span style="color: windowtext; text-decoration: none;">2004</span> sa kanyang tahanan ng
<span style="color: windowtext; text-decoration: none;">San Juan</span>, <span style="color: windowtext; text-decoration: none;">Kalakhang
Maynila</span>. Sa kapanahunan ng kanyang kamatayan, siya ay patnugot ng <span style="color: windowtext; text-decoration: none;">magasing</span>
<span style="color: windowtext; text-decoration: none;">Philippine Graphic</span> at
tagalathala ng pahayagang <span style="color: windowtext; text-decoration: none;">Mirror Weekly</span>, isang
magasing pangkababaihan. Sumulat din siya ng mga lathalaing <i>Small Beer</i>
para sa <span style="color: windowtext; text-decoration: none;">Philippine Daily Inquirer</span> at <span style="color: windowtext; text-decoration: none;">Isyu</span>, isang tabloyd na pang-opinyon.</span></div>
<h3>
<span class="mw-headline" style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Arial;">Ang
kanyang mga aklat</span></span></h3>
<ul type="disc"><span style="font-size: small;">
</span>
<li class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: small;"><i><span style="font-family: Arial;">Prose and Poems</span></i><span style="font-family: Arial;"> (Mga Tuluyan at Patula) (1952)</span></span></li>
<span style="font-size: small;">
</span>
<li class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: small;"><i><span style="font-family: Arial;">The Woman Who had Two Navels</span></i><span style="font-family: Arial;"> (Ang Babae na may Dalawang
Pusod) (1961)</span></span></li>
<span style="font-size: small;">
</span>
<li class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: small;"><i><span style="font-family: Arial;">La Naval de Manila and Other Essays</span></i><span style="font-family: Arial;"> (La Naval de Manila at Iba pang
Sanaysay) (1964)</span></span></li>
<span style="font-size: small;">
</span>
<li class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: small;"><i><span style="font-family: Arial;">A Portrait of the Artist as Filipino</span></i><span style="font-family: Arial;"> (Ang Larawan ng Makata bilang
Pilipino) (1966)</span></span></li>
<span style="font-size: small;">
</span>
<li class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: small;"><i><span style="font-family: Arial;">Tropical Gothic</span></i><span style="font-family: Arial;"> (Gotikong Tropikal) (1972)</span></span></li>
<span style="font-size: small;">
</span>
<li class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: small;"><i><span style="font-family: Arial;">The Complete Poems and Plays of Jose Rizal</span></i><span style="font-family: Arial;"> (Ang mga Kumpletong Tula at
Dulaan ni Jose Rizal) (1976)</span></span></li>
<span style="font-size: small;">
</span>
<li class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: small;"><i><span style="font-family: Arial;">A Question of Heroes (Isang Tanong ng mga Bayani)
(1977)</span></i></span></li>
<span style="font-size: small;">
</span>
<li class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: small;"><i><span style="font-family: Arial;">Nora Aunor & Other Profiles</span></i><span style="font-family: Arial;"> (Si Nora Aunor & Iba pang
Katangian) (1977)</span></span></li>
<span style="font-size: small;">
</span>
<li class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: small;"><i><span style="font-family: Arial;">Ronnie Poe & Other Silhouettes</span></i><span style="font-family: Arial;"> (Ronnie Poe & Iba pang
Aninag ng Bagay (1977)</span></span></li>
<span style="font-size: small;">
</span>
<li class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: small;"><i><span style="font-family: Arial;">Reportage on Lovers</span></i><span style="font-family: Arial;"> (Pagbabalita sa Pag-ibig)
(1977)</span></span></li>
<span style="font-size: small;">
</span>
<li class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: small;"><i><span style="font-family: Arial;">Reportage on Crime</span></i><span style="font-family: Arial;"> (Pagbabalita sa Krimen) (1977)</span></span></li>
<span style="font-size: small;">
</span>
<li class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: small;"><i><span style="font-family: Arial;">Amalia Fuentes & Other Etchings</span></i><span style="font-family: Arial;"> (Si Amalia Fuentes & Iba
pang Pag-uukit sa Bakal) (1977)</span></span></li>
<span style="font-size: small;">
</span>
<li class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: small;"><i><span style="font-family: Arial;">Gloria Diaz & Other Delineations</span></i><span style="font-family: Arial;"> (Si Gloria Diaz & Iba pang
Delinasyon) (1977)</span></span></li>
<span style="font-size: small;">
</span>
<li class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: small;"><i><span style="font-family: Arial;">Doveglion & Other Cameos</span></i><span style="font-family: Arial;"> (Si Doveglion & Iba pang
mga Kameo) (1977)</span></span></li>
<span style="font-size: small;">
</span>
<li class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: small;"><i><span style="font-family: Arial;">Manila</span></i><i><span style="font-family: Arial;">: Sin City
and Other Chronicles</span></i><span style="font-family: Arial;"> (Maynila: Makasalanang Lungsod at Iba pang Kronika (1977)</span></span></li>
<span style="font-size: small;">
</span>
<li class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: small;"><i><span style="font-family: Arial;">Tropical Baroque</span></i><span style="font-family: Arial;"> (Tropikal na Baroque) (1979),</span></span></li>
<span style="font-size: small;">
</span>
<li class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: small;"><i><span style="font-family: Arial;">Stories for Groovy Kids</span></i><span style="font-family: Arial;"> (Mga Kuwento para sa mga Batang
Kasiya-siya) (1979)</span></span></li>
<span style="font-size: small;">
</span>
<li class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: small;"><i><span style="font-family: Arial;">Language of the Street and Other Essays</span></i><span style="font-family: Arial;"> (Ang Wika ng mga Kalsada at Iba
pang mga Sanaysay) (1980)</span></span></li>
<span style="font-size: small;">
</span>
<li class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: small;"><i><span style="font-family: Arial;">The Ballad of the Five Battles</span></i><span style="font-family: Arial;"> (Ang Kurido ng mga Limang
Labanan) (1981)</span></span></li>
<span style="font-size: small;">
</span>
<li class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: small;"><i><span style="font-family: Arial;">The Aquinos of Tarlac: An Essay on History as
Three Generations</span></i><span style="font-family: Arial;">
(Ang mga Aquino sa Tarlak: Isang Sanaysay sa Kasaysayan bilang Tatlong
Salinlahi) (1983)</span></span></li>
<span style="font-size: small;">
</span>
<li class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: small;"><i><span style="font-family: Arial;">Almanac for Manileños</span></i><span style="font-family: Arial;"> (Almanak para sa mga
Taga-Maynila)</span></span></li>
<span style="font-size: small;">
</span>
<li class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: small;"><i><span style="font-family: Arial;">Cave and Shadows</span></i><span style="font-family: Arial;"> (Ang Yungib at mga Anino)
(1983)</span></span></li>
<span style="font-size: small;">
</span>
<li class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: small;"><i><span style="font-family: Arial;">The Quartet of the Tiger Moon: Scenes from the
People Power Apocalypse</span></i><span style="font-family: Arial;"> (Ang Apatang Pangkat ng Tigreng Buwan: Mga Tagpo ng Apokalipsis ng
Lakas Sambayanan) (1986)</span><i><span style="font-family: Arial;"> </span></i></span></li>
<span style="font-size: small;">
</span>
<li class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: small;"><i><span style="font-family: Arial;">Collected
Verse</span></i><span style="font-family: Arial;"> (Nilikom na Panulaan (1987) </span></span></li>
</ul>
<span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: large;"> </span><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: large;"><b>BIENVENIDO LUMBERA</b></span><br />
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-p0aMMQtiw3M/US8V127laPI/AAAAAAAAASE/5D612VZNP3s/s1600/talambuhay-bienvenido-lumbera.png" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="320" src="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-p0aMMQtiw3M/US8V127laPI/AAAAAAAAASE/5D612VZNP3s/s320/talambuhay-bienvenido-lumbera.png" width="233" /></a></div>
<span style="font-size: x-small;"><span style="font-family: Arial;"><span style="font-size: x-large;"><b><span style="font-size: x-large;"> </span> </b></span></span></span><br />
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<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: small;">Si Bienvenido Lumbera ay isang <a href="http://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Makata" title="Makata"><span style="color: windowtext; text-decoration: none;">makata</span></a>, <a href="http://tl.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Tagapuna&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Tagapuna (hindi pa naisusulat)"><span style="color: windowtext; text-decoration: none;">tagapuna</span></a>, <a href="http://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dramatista" title="Dramatista"><span style="color: windowtext; text-decoration: none;">dramatista</span></a>,
at <a href="http://tl.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Iskolar&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Iskolar (hindi pa naisusulat)"><span style="color: windowtext; text-decoration: none;">iskolar</span></a> ng <a href="http://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pilipinas" title="Pilipinas"><span style="color: windowtext; text-decoration: none;">Pilipinas</span></a>
na may maraming napanalunan. Siya ay <a href="http://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pambansang_Alagad_ng_Sining_ng_Pilipinas" title="Pambansang Alagad ng Sining ng Pilipinas"><span style="color: windowtext; text-decoration: none;">Pambansang Alagad ng Sining ng
Pilipinas</span></a> at nakatanggap ng <a href="http://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gawad_Ramon_Magsaysay" title="Gawad Ramon Magsaysay"><span style="color: windowtext; text-decoration: none;">Gawad Ramon Magsaysay</span></a> para sa Pamamahayag,
Panitikan at Malikhaing Komunikasyon. Nanalo siya ng maraming gawad
pampanitikan, kabilang ang mga Pambansang Gawad sa Aklat mula sa Pambansang
Pundasyon sa Aklat, at ang <a href="http://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gawad_Pang-alaala_kay_Don_Carlos_Palanca_para_sa_Panitikan" title="Gawad Pang-alaala kay Don Carlos Palanca para sa Panitikan"><span style="color: windowtext; text-decoration: none;">Gawad
Pang-alaala kay Don Carlos Palanca para sa Panitikan</span></a>.
</span><br />
<h2>
<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: small;"><span class="mw-headline"><span style="font-style: normal;"> </span></span></span></h2>
<h2>
<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: small;"><span class="mw-headline"><span style="font-style: normal;">Talambuhay</span></span></span></h2>
<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: small;">
</span><br />
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: small;">Isinilang
si Lumbera sa <a href="http://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lungsod_ng_Lipa" title="Lungsod ng Lipa"><span style="color: windowtext; text-decoration: none;">Lipa</span></a> noong <a href="http://tl.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Abril_11111&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Abril 11111 (hindi pa naisusulat)"><span style="color: windowtext; text-decoration: none;">Abril 11</span></a>, <a href="http://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/1932" title="1932"><span style="color: windowtext; text-decoration: none;">1932</span></a>. Noong halos isang
taon gulang pa lamang, ang kanyang ama na si Timoteo Lumbera (isang tagapukol
ng lokal na kuponan ng <a href="http://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beysbol" title="Beysbol"><span style="color: windowtext; text-decoration: none;">beysbol</span></a>), ay nahulog mula sa puno, nabali ang likod, at
nabuhay. Pagkatapos ng ilang taon, nagkasakit ang kanyang ina na si Carmen
Lumbera sa karamdaman na <a href="http://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kanser" title="Kanser"><span style="color: windowtext; text-decoration: none;">kanser</span></a> at namatay. Sa taong limang taong gulang, siya ay
naulila. Siya at ang kanyang nakatatandang kapatid na babae ay inampon ng
kanilang pang-amang lola, Eusebia Teru.</span></div>
<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: small;">
</span><br />
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: small;">Pumasok
siya sa paaralan na may pagkabantulot. Sa unang araw, kinakailangan ni Eusebia
na hilahin siya papuntang Mababang Paaralan ng Padre Valerio Malabanan,
nagwawasiwas ng sangay ng puno. Sa totoo lamang, ang kabuuang unang taon ni
Lumbera sa paaralan ay kalunus-lunos. Naalala niya ang kanyang guro, Gng.
Contreras, na minsan pinapalo siya na may patpat nang dahil sa may inuulat na
kanyang kapilyuhan sa guro mula sa tiyak na tuta ng guro na may pangalang
Angel. Simula sa ikalawang baitang, gayumpaman, ang kanyang mabilis na pagtuto
sa pagbabasa ay nabigyan ng kakilanlan kay Lumbera bilang kinikilingang
mag-aaral. Mula't sapul, sinasabi nang pang-akademika, hinaharap ng paaralan ng
ilang kahirapan.</span></div>
<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: small;">
</span><br />
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: small;">Pagkatapos
ng digmaan, bumalik sina Lumbera at ang kanyang lola sa tahanan sa Lipa. Si
Eusebia, gayumpaman, ay kinabukasang sumakabilang-buhay dahil sa katandaan at
naulila na naman siya. Para sa kanyang mga bagong tagapangalaga, pinagpipili
siya sa mga dalagang tiyahin kung saan kinakailangan ng kanyang nakatatandang
kapatid na tumira kina Enrique at Amanda Lumbera, ang kanyang nino't ninang. Sa
huli ay wala silang anak na sarili at sinasabi ni Bienvenido, noong labing-apat
na taong gulang pa lamang siya, na pinili niya sila sapagka't "ipapadala
nila ako sa paaralan."</span></div>
<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: small;">
</span><br />
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: small;">Para
sa <a href="http://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mataas_na_paaralan" title="Mataas na paaralan"><span style="color: windowtext; text-decoration: none;">mataas na paaralan</span></a>, lumipat si Lumbera sa
paaralang pribado ng Akademiyang Mabini, kung saan umusbong ang kanyang
pag-ibig sa wika. Nagtapos si Lumbera nag pangatlo at nagtalumpati ng
mabulaklak na Klase sa Kasaysayan sa araw ng pagtatapos.</span></div>
<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: small;">
</span><br />
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: small;">Nagtapos
si Lumbera ng dalubhasaang pamamahayag at Pantas ng Sining mula sa <a href="http://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pamantasan_ng_Santo_Tomas" title="Pamantasan ng Santo Tomas"><span style="color: windowtext; text-decoration: none;">Pamantasan ng Santo Tomas</span></a> noong 1950, at
kasunod ang <a href="http://tl.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Paham_ng_Pilosopiya&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Paham ng Pilosopiya (hindi pa naisusulat)"><span style="color: windowtext; text-decoration: none;">Paham ng Pilosopiya</span></a> sa <a href="http://tl.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Panularang_Panitikan&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Panularang Panitikan (hindi pa naisusulat)"><span style="color: windowtext; text-decoration: none;">Panularang Panitikan</span></a> sa <a href="http://tl.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Pamantasang_Indiana&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Pamantasang Indiana (hindi pa naisusulat)"><span style="color: windowtext; text-decoration: none;">Pamantasang Indiana</span></a> noong
1967. Nagturo si Lumbera ng <a href="http://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Panitikan" title="Panitikan"><span style="color: windowtext; text-decoration: none;">Panitikan</span></a>, <a href="http://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Araling_Pilipino" title="Araling Pilipino"><span style="color: windowtext; text-decoration: none;">Araling
Pilipino</span></a> at <a href="http://tl.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Malikhaing_Pagsusulat&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Malikhaing Pagsusulat (hindi pa naisusulat)"><span style="color: windowtext; text-decoration: none;">Malikhaing Pagsusulat</span></a> sa <a href="http://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pamantasang_Ateneo_de_Manila" title="Pamantasang Ateneo de Manila"><span style="color: windowtext; text-decoration: none;">Pamantasang Ateneo de Manila</span></a>, <a href="http://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pamantasang_De_La_Salle-Maynila" title="Pamantasang De La Salle-Maynila"><span style="color: windowtext; text-decoration: none;">Pamantasang De La Salle-Maynila</span></a>,
<a href="http://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pamantasan_ng_Pilipinas" title="Pamantasan ng Pilipinas"><span style="color: windowtext; text-decoration: none;">Pamantasan ng Pilipinas</span></a>, at ang <a href="http://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pamantasan_ng_Santo_Tomas" title="Pamantasan ng Santo Tomas"><span style="color: windowtext; text-decoration: none;">Pamantasan ng Santo Tomas</span></a>. Inatasan siya
bilang panauhing-propesor ng Araling Pilipino sa Araling Panlabas ng <a href="http://tl.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Pamantasang_Osaka&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Pamantasang Osaka (hindi pa naisusulat)"><span style="color: windowtext; text-decoration: none;">Pamantasang Osaka</span></a> sa <a href="http://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hapon" title="Hapon"><span style="color: windowtext; text-decoration: none;">Hapon</span></a> mula 1985 hanggang
1988 at kauna-unahang nagtatahang iskolar sa <a href="http://tl.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Pamantasan_ng_Hawaii&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Pamantasan ng Hawaii (hindi pa naisusulat)"><span style="color: windowtext; text-decoration: none;">Pamantasan ng Hawaii</span></a> sa <a href="http://tl.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Manoa&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Manoa (hindi pa naisusulat)"><span style="color: windowtext; text-decoration: none;">Manoa</span></a>.</span></div>
<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: small;">
</span><br />
<h3 style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: small;"><span class="mw-headline">Tula</span></span></h3>
<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: small;">
</span><br />
<ul type="disc">
<li class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: small;"><i>Likhang Dila, Likhang Diwa</i>, 1993</span></li>
</ul>
<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: small;">
</span><br />
<h3 style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: small;"><span class="mw-headline">Punang pampanitikan</span></span></h3>
<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: small;">
</span><br />
<ul type="disc">
<li class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: small;"><i>Muling Pagsusuri: Mga Sanaysay
sa Panitikan, Pelikula, at Kulturang Popular</i>, 1984</span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: small;"><i>Mga Tulang Tagalog, 1570-1898:
Tradisyon at mga Impluwensiya sa Kaunlaran</i>, 1986</span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: small;"><i>Abot-Tanaw: Sulyap at Suri sa
Nagbabagong Kultura at Lipunan</i>, 1987</span></li>
</ul>
<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: small;">
</span><br />
<h3 style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: small;"><span class="mw-headline">Mga aklat-batayan</span></span></h3>
<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: small;">
</span><br />
<ul type="disc">
<li class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: small;"><i>Paghahanda sa Pagtuturo</i></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: small;"><i>Panitikan ng Pilipinas: Isang
Kasaysayan at Antolohiya</i></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: small;"><i>Muling Pagtutuklas: Mga
Sanaysay sa Buhay at Kulturang Pilipino</i></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: small;"><i>Pagsusulat ng mga Pilipino:
Panitikang Pilipino mula sa mga Rehiyon</i></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: small;"><i>Paano Magbasa ng Panitikang
Filipino: Mga Babasahing Pangkolehiyo</i></span></li>
</ul>
<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: small;">
</span><br />
<h3 style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: small;"><span class="mw-headline">Mga libreto</span></span></h3>
<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: small;">
</span><br />
<ul type="disc">
<li class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: small;"><i>Kuwento ng Manuvu</i></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: small;"><i>Rama, Hari</i></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: small;"><i>Nasa Puso ang Amerika</i></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: small;"><i>Bayani</i></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: small;"><i>Noli Me Tangere</i></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: small;"><i>Hibik at Himagsik Nina Victoria
aktaw</i></span></li>
</ul>
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<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><b>LOPE K. SANTOS</b></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-C1X9yvuvzGA/US9G8kW3u-I/AAAAAAAAASg/zIgciKVEHI0/s1600/talambuhay-lope-santos.png" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="320" src="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-C1X9yvuvzGA/US9G8kW3u-I/AAAAAAAAASg/zIgciKVEHI0/s320/talambuhay-lope-santos.png" width="243" /></a></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><i><b> </b></i> </span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">Si Lope K. Santos (<a href="http://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Setyembre_25" title="Setyembre 25"><span style="color: windowtext; text-decoration: none;">Setyembre 25</span></a>, <a href="http://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/1879" title="1879"><span style="color: windowtext; text-decoration: none;">1879</span></a> – <a href="http://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mayo_1" title="Mayo 1"><span style="color: windowtext; text-decoration: none;">Mayo 1</span></a>,
<a href="http://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/1963" title="1963"><span style="color: windowtext; text-decoration: none;">1963</span></a>) ay isang tanyag na
manunulat sa <a href="http://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikang_Tagalog" title="Wikang Tagalog"><span style="color: windowtext; text-decoration: none;">wikang Tagalog</span></a> noong kaniyang kapanahunan, sa
simula ng ika-1900 dantaon.<sup><a href="http://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lope_K._Santos#cite_note-Herbert-0"><span style="color: windowtext; text-decoration: none;">[1]</span></a></sup>
Bukod sa pagiging manunulat, isa rin siyang abogado, kritiko, lider obrero, at
itinuturing na "Ama ng Pambansang Wika at Balarila" ng <a href="http://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pilipinas" title="Pilipinas"><span style="color: windowtext; text-decoration: none;">Pilipinas</span></a>.</span></span></div>
<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">
<b><i><br clear="all" style="page-break-before: always;" />
</i></b>
</span></span><br />
<h2>
<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span class="mw-headline"><span style="font-style: normal;">Talambuhay</span></span><span style="font-style: normal;"></span></span></span></h2>
<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">
</span></span><br />
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">
</span></span><br />
<h3>
<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span class="mw-headline">Sa Larangan ng
Panitikan</span></span></span></h3>
<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">
</span></span><br />
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">Ipinanganak si Lope
K. Santos sa <a href="http://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pasig,_Rizal" title="Pasig, Rizal"><span style="color: windowtext; text-decoration: none;">Pasig, Rizal</span></a> - bilang Lope C. Santos - sa mag-asawang Ladislao Santos at Victoria
Canseco, na kapwa mga katutubo sa <a href="http://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lalawigan_ng_Rizal" title="Lalawigan ng Rizal"><span style="color: windowtext; text-decoration: none;">Rizal</span></a>. Ngunit mas inibig na gamitin ni Santos ang titik na K bilang kapalit ng C para sa kaniyang panggitnang
pangalan, upang maipakita ang pagiging makabayan. Nakamit niya ang pagkakaroon
ng kadalubhasaan sa <a href="http://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sining" title="Sining"><span style="color: windowtext; text-decoration: none;">sining</span></a>
mula sa Colegio Filipino
(Kolehiyo Pilipino), matapos na makapag-aral sa Escuela Normal Superior
de Maestros (Mataas na Paaralang Normal para sa mga Guro) at sa Escuela de Derecho (Paaralan ng
Batas). Naging dalubhasa siya sa larangan ng <a href="http://tl.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Dupluhan&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Dupluhan (hindi pa naisusulat)"><span style="color: windowtext; text-decoration: none;">dupluhan</span></a>, isang
paligsahan ng mga manunula na maihahambing sa larangan ng <a href="http://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Balagtasan" title="Balagtasan"><span style="color: windowtext; text-decoration: none;">balagtasan</span></a>.
Noong 1900, nagsimula siyang maglingkod bilang patnugot para sa mga lathalaing
nasa wikang Tagalog, katulad ng Muling
Pagsilang at Sampaguita.
Siya ang tagapagtatag ng babasahing Sampaguita.
Sa pamamagitan ni <a href="http://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manuel_L._Quezon" title="Manuel L. Quezon"><span style="color: windowtext; text-decoration: none;">Manuel L. Quezon</span></a>, naging punong-tagapangasiwa
si Santos ng <a href="http://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Surian_ng_Wikang_Pambansa" title="Surian ng Wikang Pambansa"><span style="color: windowtext; text-decoration: none;">Surian ng Wikang Pambansa</span></a>. <sup><a href="http://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lope_K._Santos#cite_note-Anciano-3"><span style="color: windowtext; text-decoration: none;">[4]</span></a></sup>
Kabilang sa mga katawagang nagbibigay parangal kay Santos ang pagiging Paham ng Wika, Ama ng Balarilang Pilipino, Haligi ng Panitikang Pilipino,
subalit mas kilala rin siya sa karaniwang palayaw na Mang Openg.</span></span></div>
<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">
</span></span><br />
<h3>
<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span class="mw-headline">Sariling buhay</span></span></span></h3>
<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">
</span></span><br />
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">Napangasawa ni
Lope K. Santos si Simeona Salazar noong <a href="http://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pebrero_10" title="Pebrero 10"><span style="color: windowtext; text-decoration: none;">ika-10 ng
Pebrero</span></a>, <a href="http://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/1900" title="1900"><span style="color: windowtext; text-decoration: none;">1900</span></a>,
at nagkaroon sila ng limang anak. Nagkaroon siya ng karamdaman sa <a href="http://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atay" title="Atay"><span style="color: windowtext; text-decoration: none;">atay</span></a>, ngunit hanggang sa
huling sandali ng buhay ay hinangad ni Santos
na maging Wikang Pambansa ang
Wikang Tagalog.<sup><a href="http://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lope_K._Santos#cite_note-Anciano-3"><span style="color: windowtext; text-decoration: none;">[4]</span></a></sup></span></span></div>
<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">
</span></span><br />
<h3>
<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span class="mw-headline">Sa larangan ng
pulitika</span></span></span></h3>
<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">
</span></span><br />
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">Matapos maging <a href="http://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gobernador" title="Gobernador"><span style="color: windowtext; text-decoration: none;">gobernador</span></a>
ng lalawigan ng Rizal mula <a href="http://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/1910" title="1910"><span style="color: windowtext; text-decoration: none;">1910</span></a> hanggang <a href="http://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/1913" title="1913"><span style="color: windowtext; text-decoration: none;">1913</span></a>, naging gobernador naman si Santos ng <a href="http://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nueva_Vizcaya" title="Nueva Vizcaya"><span style="color: windowtext; text-decoration: none;">Nueva Vizcaya</span></a>
mula <a href="http://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/1918" title="1918"><span style="color: windowtext; text-decoration: none;">1918</span></a>
hanggang <a href="http://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/1920" title="1920"><span style="color: windowtext; text-decoration: none;">1920</span></a>.
Naglingkod din siya bilang <a href="http://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Senador" title="Senador"><span style="color: windowtext; text-decoration: none;">senador</span></a> para sa ika-labindalawang distrito ng bayan.<sup><a href="http://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lope_K._Santos#cite_note-Anciano-3"><span style="color: windowtext; text-decoration: none;">[4]</span></a></sup></span></span></div>
<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">
</span></span><br />
<h2>
<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span class="mw-headline"><span style="font-style: normal;">Mga gawa</span></span><span style="font-style: normal;"></span></span></span></h2>
<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">
</span></span><br />
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">Kabilang sa mga
akda ni Santos
ang mga sumusunod: </span></span></div>
<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">
</span></span><br />
<ul type="disc">
<li class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><a href="http://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Balarila_ng_Wikang_Pambansa" title="Balarila ng Wikang Pambansa"><span style="color: windowtext; text-decoration: none;">Balarila ng Wikang Pambansa</span></a></span></span></li>
</ul>
<br />
<ul>
<li>
<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><a href="http://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Banaag_at_Sikat" title="Banaag at Sikat"><span style="color: windowtext; text-decoration: none;">Banaag at
Sikat</span></a>, isang <a href="http://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nobela" title="Nobela"><span style="color: windowtext; text-decoration: none;">nobela</span></a></span></span></li>
</ul>
<br />
<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="color: windowtext; text-decoration: none;"> <b><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: large;">FRANCISCO BALAGTAS BALTAZAR</span></b></span></span></span><br />
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-n0NnRcLBR_g/US9G_LNE1XI/AAAAAAAAASo/Wa0RJ7Ty0ls/s1600/talambuhay-francisco-baltazar-balagtas.png" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="320" src="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-n0NnRcLBR_g/US9G_LNE1XI/AAAAAAAAASo/Wa0RJ7Ty0ls/s320/talambuhay-francisco-baltazar-balagtas.png" width="267" /></a></div>
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</span></span><br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"> Si
Francisco Baltazar (<a href="http://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abril_2" title="Abril 2"><span style="color: windowtext; text-decoration: none;">Abril 2</span></a>,
<a href="http://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/1788" title="1788"><span style="color: windowtext; text-decoration: none;">1788</span></a>—<a href="http://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pebrero_20" title="Pebrero 20"><span style="color: windowtext; text-decoration: none;">Pebrero 20</span></a>,
<a href="http://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/1862" title="1862"><span style="color: windowtext; text-decoration: none;">1862</span></a>), mas kilala bilang Francisco Balagtas, ay tinuturing
bilang isa sa mga magagaling na <a href="http://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mga_Pilipino" title="Mga Pilipino"><span style="color: windowtext; text-decoration: none;">Pilipinong</span></a>
<a href="http://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tula" title="Tula"><span style="color: windowtext; text-decoration: none;">manunula</span></a>. <i><a href="http://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Florante_at_Laura" title="Florante at Laura"><span style="color: windowtext; text-decoration: none;">Florante at
Laura</span></a></i> ang kanyang pinakakilalang obra maestra.</span></span></div>
<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">
<br clear="all" style="page-break-before: always;" />
</span></span><br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><b>Talambuhay</b></span></span></div>
<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">
</span></span><br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">
</span></span><br />
<h3>
<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span class="mw-headline">Unang mga taon</span></span></span></h3>
<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">
</span></span><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">Si Francisco Baltazar ay ipinanganak noong
Abril 2, 1788 sa Panginay, Bigaa, Bulacan. Tinatawag rin siyang Kiko at
Balagtas. Ang mga magulang niya ay sina Juana dela Cruz at Juan Baltazar at ang
mga kapatid rin niya ay sina Felipe, Concha at Nicolasa. Pumasok siya una sa
paaralang parokyal sa Bigaa, kung saan siya'y tinuruan tungkol sa relihiyon.
Sunod, naging katulong siya ni Donya Trinidad upang makapagpatuloy siya ng
kolehiyo sa Colegio de San Jose sa Maynila. Pagkatapos, nag-aral naman siya sa <a href="http://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Colegio_de_San_Juan_de_Letran" title="Colegio de San Juan de Letran"><span style="color: windowtext; text-decoration: none;">Colegio de San Juan de Letran</span></a> at naging
guro niya si Padre Mariano Pilapil</span></span><br />
<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">
</span></span><br />
<h3>
<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span class="mw-headline">Buhay Bilang Isang
Manunulat</span></span></span></h3>
<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">
</span></span><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">Natuto siyang sumulat at bumigkas ng tula dahil kay <a href="http://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jose_dela_Cruz" title="Jose dela Cruz"><span style="color: windowtext; text-decoration: none;">Jose dela
Cruz</span></a> (<a href="http://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Huseng_Sisiw" title="Huseng Sisiw"><span style="color: windowtext; text-decoration: none;">Huseng Sisiw</span></a>) na kinikilalang pinakabantog na
makata sa Tondo. Si Jose dela Cruz ay nagsilbing hamon kay Kiko para higit na
pagbutihin ang pagsulat ng tula.
Anupa't kinalaunan ay higit na dinakila si Kikong sa larangan na panulaan.</span></span><br />
<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">
</span></span><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">Taong 1835 nang manirahan si Kiko sa <a href="http://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pandacan" title="Pandacan"><span style="color: windowtext; text-decoration: none;">Pandacan</span></a>,
<a href="http://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maynila" title="Maynila"><span style="color: windowtext; text-decoration: none;">Maynila</span></a>.
Dito niya nakilala si <a href="http://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maria_Asuncion_Rivera" title="Maria Asuncion Rivera"><span style="color: windowtext; text-decoration: none;">Maria Asuncion Rivera</span></a>. Ang marilag na
dalaga na nagsilbing inspirasyon ng makata. Siya ang tinawag na
"Selya" at tinaguriang M.A.R. ni Balagtas sa kanyang tulang <i>Florante
at Laura</i>. Naging karibal niya si Mariano "Nanong" Capule sa
pagligaw kay Celia, isang taong ubod ng yaman at malakas sa pamahalaan. Dahil
sa ginawa niya sa pagligaw kay Celia, ipinakulong siya ni Nanong Capule para
hindi na siya muling makita ni Celia. Habang nasa kulungan siya, ipinakasal ni
Nanong Capule si Selya kahit walang pag-ibig nadarama si Selya para kay Nanong
Capule. Doon sa kulungan, isinulat niya ang <i>Florante at Laura</i> para kay
Selya. Noong 1838, nakalaya na siya sa kulungan at pumunta na siya sa Udyong, Bataan. Doon, nagkaroon
siya ng 11 anak kay Juana Tiambeng.</span></span><br />
<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">
</span></span><br />
<h3>
<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span class="mw-headline">Huling Mga Araw</span></span></span></h3>
<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">
</span></span><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">Nabilanggong muli si Kiko sa sumbong ng
isang katulong na babae sa di umano'y pagputol ng buhok niya. Nakalaya siya
noong 1860. Ipinagpatuloy niya ang pagsusulat ng mga komedya, awit at korido
nang siya ay lumaya. Namayapa siya sa piling ng kanyang asawa, Juana Tiambeng
at ang 7 niyang anak noong Pebrero 20, 1862 sa gulang na 74, namatay siya sa
pulmonya at katandaan.</span></span><br />
<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">
</span></span><br />
<h2>
<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span class="mw-headline"><span style="font-style: normal;">Ang kanyang mga sinulat</span></span><span style="font-style: normal;"></span></span></span></h2>
<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">
</span></span><br />
<ol start="1" type="1">
</ol>
<ul>
<li><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><i>Almanzor y Rosalina</i></span></span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><i>Clara Belmori</i></span></span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><i>Abdol y Miserena</i></span></span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><i>Auredato y Astrone</i></span></span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><i>Bayaseto at Dorsalica</i></span></span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><i>Rodolfo at Rosamunda</i></span></span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><i>Florante at Laura</i></span></span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><i>Nudo Gordiano</i></span></span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><i>Sa Pula sa Puti</i></span></span></li>
</ul>
<br />
<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><i> <span style="font-size: small;">Ref<span style="font-size: small;">erences from<span style="font-size: small;">: wikipedia.org and other sites.</span></span></span> </i></span></span><br />
<ul>
</ul>
<ol start="1" type="1">
</ol>
Unknownnoreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8366064709164184367.post-79996015681523185612013-02-27T23:15:00.000-08:002013-02-28T00:13:35.404-08:00What are the Different Library Resources?Resources available at the library, such as
books, almanacs, encyclopedias, magazines, newspapers, computers, Internet
access, globes, maps and more.<br />
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<b>Books</b></div>
<br />
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<a href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-T6vrwiim9rk/US8OpEdcKII/AAAAAAAAAQo/2AMjecV_zHY/s1600/library-resources-book.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-T6vrwiim9rk/US8OpEdcKII/AAAAAAAAAQo/2AMjecV_zHY/s1600/library-resources-book.png" /></a></div>
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<br />
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Libraries carry many categories of books such as
fiction, nonfiction and reference. But some also carry special collections of
rare books, manuscripts and maps. The Library of Congress, for example, has a
collection of 800,000 rare books and special collections that date back to the
15th Century. Collections like this are valuable resources that offer a glimpse
into the minds of early American explorers, cultural figures and politicians.</div>
<br />
<div style="text-align: justify;">
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<br />
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<b>Almanac</b></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<br />
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;">
<a href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-a2wzMDTdPPk/US8PT_jis4I/AAAAAAAAARo/VEGi7NkDQfY/s1600/library-resources-almanac.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-a2wzMDTdPPk/US8PT_jis4I/AAAAAAAAARo/VEGi7NkDQfY/s1600/library-resources-almanac.png" /></a></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
</div>
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
</div>
</div>
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<br />
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<span style="mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">Almanac</span>
(also spelled <span style="mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">almanack</span> and <span style="mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">almanach</span>) is an <span style="color: windowtext; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">annual publication</span> that includes information
such as weather forecasts, farmers' planting dates, tide tables, and tabular
information in a particular field or fields often arranged according to the <span style="color: windowtext; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">calendar</span>
etc. <span style="color: windowtext; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">Astronomical</span>
data and various statistics are also found in almanacs, such as the times of
the rising and setting of the <span style="color: windowtext; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">sun</span> and <span style="color: windowtext; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">moon</span>, <span style="color: windowtext; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">eclipses</span>, hours of full <span style="color: windowtext; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">tide</span>, stated festivals of <span style="color: windowtext; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">churches</span>, terms of courts, lists of all types,
timelines, and more.</div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
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<b>Encyclopedia</b></div>
<br />
<div style="text-align: justify;">
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<div style="text-align: justify;">
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-pLcxKZbDc3k/US8O1OG1ItI/AAAAAAAAARA/xsET1zy6_V8/s1600/library-resources-encyclopedia.png" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-pLcxKZbDc3k/US8O1OG1ItI/AAAAAAAAARA/xsET1zy6_V8/s1600/library-resources-encyclopedia.png" /></a></div>
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
Encyclopedia (<span style="color: windowtext; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">also spelled</span> encyclopaedia
or encyclopædia)
is a type of <span style="color: windowtext; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">reference work</span>, a <span style="color: windowtext; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">compendium</span>
holding a summary of <span style="color: windowtext; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">information</span> from either all branches of <span style="color: windowtext; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">knowledge</span>
or a particular branch of knowledge.
Encyclopedias are divided into <span style="color: windowtext; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">articles</span> or entries, which are usually
accessed alphabetically by article name.<sup><span style="color: windowtext; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;"> </span></sup>Encyclopedia entries are longer and more detailed than those in most <span style="color: windowtext; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">dictionaries</span>.Generally speaking, unlike dictionary entries, which focus on <span style="color: windowtext; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">linguistic</span>
information about <span style="color: windowtext; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">words</span>,
encyclopedia articles focus on factual information to cover the thing or
concept for which the article name stands.</div>
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<sup></sup></div>
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<sup><span style="color: windowtext; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;"></span></sup><b></b></div>
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<b></b></div>
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<b><span style="font-weight: normal;"></span></b></div>
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<b>Magazines</b></div>
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<a href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-eJwRMETpOT0/US8O1_SRCzI/AAAAAAAAARQ/oVqE_Ke1kds/s1600/library-resources-magazine.png" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-eJwRMETpOT0/US8O1_SRCzI/AAAAAAAAARQ/oVqE_Ke1kds/s1600/library-resources-magazine.png" /></a><br />
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Magazine collections can be found in most
libraries. These collections cover many topics ranging from business to
lifestyle. For those seeking a fun read, your library may offer Allure or
Sports Illustrated. For foodies who enjoy cooking, magazine titles such as
Cooking Light may be available.</div>
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Kids can flip through the glossy pages of Ranger
Rick, while older adults can browse the latest issue of Seniority. From new
parents to dog lovers, many libraries carry magazines that cater to your
interest.</div>
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<b>Newspapers</b></div>
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<b></b></div>
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<a href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-b-1isNlgZqU/US8O2fNWPCI/AAAAAAAAARY/C3oO6zYTxf8/s1600/library-resources-newspaper.png" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-b-1isNlgZqU/US8O2fNWPCI/AAAAAAAAARY/C3oO6zYTxf8/s1600/library-resources-newspaper.png" /></a><span style="mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;"> </span><br />
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<span style="mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">Newspaper</span>
is a scheduled <span style="color: windowtext; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">publication</span> containing <span style="color: windowtext; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">news</span> of current events,
informative articles, diverse features and advertising. It usually is printed
on relatively inexpensive, low-grade paper such as <span style="color: windowtext; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">newsprint</span>.
By 2007, there were 6580 daily newspapers in the world selling 395 million
copies a day. The worldwide recession of 2008, combined with the rapid growth
of web-based alternatives, caused a serious decline in advertising and
circulation, as many papers closed or sharply retrenched operations.</div>
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<b>Internet</b></div>
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<div style="text-align: justify;">
</div>
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<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;">
<a href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-EAQm3hffEkY/US8O0ARX8-I/AAAAAAAAAQ0/zTGJ7inmjwk/s1600/library-resources-internet.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-EAQm3hffEkY/US8O0ARX8-I/AAAAAAAAAQ0/zTGJ7inmjwk/s1600/library-resources-internet.png" /></a></div>
Most libraries offer free Internet access. You
can use your local library’s Internet to job hunt on sites such as
CareerBuilder or Craigslist, check music venues or find show times for movies.
The Internet is a great resource for finding information for school or business
projects. If you don’t have an Internet connection at home, take advantage of this
resource at a library near you.</div>
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<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Maps/Globes </b></div>
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<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></b></div>
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<a href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-gNvi-FrBMsg/US8O2tOnkfI/AAAAAAAAARc/ivJUF2Evfsw/s1600/library-resources-map.png" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-gNvi-FrBMsg/US8O2tOnkfI/AAAAAAAAARc/ivJUF2Evfsw/s1600/library-resources-map.png" /></a><br />
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A <b>map</b> is a visual
representation of an area—a symbolic depiction highlighting relationships
between elements of that space such as <span style="color: windowtext; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">objects</span>, <span style="color: windowtext; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">regions</span>, and <span style="color: windowtext; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">themes</span></div>
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<a href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-vncSWKa0aN8/US8OzzsCQZI/AAAAAAAAAQw/KwqsSPNERXQ/s1600/library-resources-globe.png" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-vncSWKa0aN8/US8OzzsCQZI/AAAAAAAAAQw/KwqsSPNERXQ/s1600/library-resources-globe.png" /></a>A <b>globe</b> is a three-<span style="color: windowtext; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">dimensional</span>
scale <span style="color: windowtext; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">model</span> of <span style="color: windowtext; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">Earth</span> (<b>terrestrial
globe</b>) or other spheroid celestial body such as a planet, star, or moon. It
may also refer to a spherical representation of the <span style="color: windowtext; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">celestial
sphere</span>, showing the apparent positions of the <span style="color: windowtext; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">stars</span> and constellations
in the <span style="color: windowtext; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">sky</span>
(<b>celestial globe</b>). The word "globe" comes from the <span style="color: windowtext; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">Latin</span> word <i><span style="color: windowtext; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">globus</span></i>,
meaning round mass or <span style="color: windowtext; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">sphere</span>.</div>
<i> </i><br />
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<i>Resources from wikipedia.org and images from random sites.</i><br />
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